Contrast enhanced imaging of human meniscus using cone beam CT

Honkanen, Juuso T. J.; Danso, Elvis K.; Suomalainen, Juha-Sampo; Tiitu, Virpi; Korhonen, Rami K.; Jurvelin, Jukka S.; Töyräs, Juha

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2015.03.037

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…CT measures the retention of X‐rays when they go through targets. The capacity of CT to recognize tissues depends on the way that diverse tissues give unmistakable degrees of X‐ray attenuation, where the weakening coefficient depends upon the nuclear number and electron thickness of the tissues . Bone, fat, air, and water have different absorption differences and this creates high complexity images of anatomical structures.…”

Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Swetha

Manisha

Prasad

2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Graphene and its composite materials are very important in many disciplines of science and have been used enormously by researchers since their discovery in 2004. These are a new group of compounds, and are also wonderful model systems for quantum behavior studies. Their properties like exceptional conductivity, biocompatibility, surface area, mechanical strength, and thermal properties make them rising stars in the scientific community. Graphene and its composite compounds are utilized widely in different medical applications, for example, biosensing of biological compounds responsible for disease development, bioimaging of various cells, tissues, microorganisms, animal models, etc. In addition, they are used for enhancing and supporting the stem cell differentiation, i.e., regenerative medicine for regeneration studies of various human organs, tissue engineering in biology for the development of carrier materials, as well as in bone reformation. This review focuses on the modification procedure involved in the fabrication of graphene‐based biomaterials for various applications and recent developments in research related to graphene and graphene‐based materials in biosensing, optical sensing, gas sensing, drug, gene, protein delivery, tissue engineering, and bioimaging. In addition, the potential toxicological effects of graphene‐based biomaterials are discussed.

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Section: Biomedical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Graphene‐Based Materials in Biomedical Science

Swetha

Manisha

Prasad

2018

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“…Due to the electrostatic interaction between the GAGs’ negative fixed charge density and the anionic charge of ioxaglate, color maps are expected to depict an inverse representation of the negatively charged GAGs in the meniscus, as has been previously reported for bovine and human meniscus samples. This inverse relationship is best depicted at concentrations greater than or equal to 80 mgI/ml, as the outer subregion exhibited greater CECT attenuation than the inner and middle subregions (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…An alternative to MRI, contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) enables ex vivo measurement of both bovine and human meniscal GAG content and distribution. Using the anionic contrast agent ioxaglate, the reported associations between the mean CECT attenuation and the GAG contents of both bovine and human meniscus samples were significant but weak to moderate in association strength—bovine, R 2 = 0.51 ( p < 0.05) and human, R 2 ≤ 0.49 ( p < 0.05)—indicating that there is a need for a more sensitive technique for determining meniscal GAG content non‐destructively . Recently, a new cationic CT contrast agent CA4+ is described for imaging articular cartilage that is also sensitive to bovine meniscal GAG content and distribution, but there are no reports of its performance in human meniscal tissue.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative to MRI, contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) [22][23][24][25] enables ex vivo measurement of both bovine 12 and human 26 meniscal GAG content and distribution. Using the anionic contrast agent ioxaglate, the reported associations between the mean CECT attenuation and the GAG contents of both bovine and human meniscus samples were significant but weak to moderate in association strength-bovine, R 2 ¼ 0.51 (p < 0.05) and human, R 2 0.49 (p < 0.05)-indicating that there is a need for a more sensitive technique for determining meniscal GAG content non-destructively.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Contrast-enhanced CT imaging as a non-destructive tool for ex vivo examination of the biochemical content and structure of the human meniscus

Lakin

Stewart

et al. 2017

J. Orthop. Res.

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The biochemical and histopathological techniques used to investigate meniscal content and structure are destructive and time-consuming. Therefore, this study evaluated whether contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) attenuation and contrast agent flux using the iodinated contrast agents CA4+ and ioxaglate correlate with the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content/distribution and water content in human menisci. The optimal ioxaglate and CA4+ contrast agent concentrations for mapping meniscal GAG distribution were qualitatively determined by comparison of CECT color maps with Safranin-O stained histological sections. The associations between CECT attenuation and GAG content, CECT attenuation and water content, and flux and water content at various time points were determined using both contrast agents. Depth-wise analyses were also performed through each of the native surfaces to examine differences in contrast agent diffusion kinetics and equilibrium partitioning. The optimal concentrations for GAG depiction for ioxaglate and CA4+ were ≥80 and 12 mgI/ml, respectively. Using these concentrations, weak to moderate associations were found between ioxaglate attenuation and GAG content at all diffusion time points (1-48 h), while strong and significant associations were observed between CA4+ attenuation and GAG content as early as 7 h (R ≥ 0.67), being strongest at the equilibrium time point (48 h, R = 0.81). CECT attenuation for both agents did not significantly correlate with water content, but CA4+ flux correlated with water content (R = 0.56-0.64). CECT is a promising, non-destructive imaging technique for ex vivo assessment of meniscal GAG concentration and water content compared to traditional biochemical and histopathological methods. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1018-1028, 2017.

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“…The contrast agent partition in intact cartilage (International Cartilage Repair Society, ICRS, grade 0) was lower than that of cartilage surrounding the ICRS grade IeIV lesions 8 . Another study used contrast enhanced CBCT to image contrast agent diffusion in isolated human menisci and found that shorter delay between injection and imaging (e.g., 40 min) could be feasible in clinical diagnostics of meniscal pathologies 9 . These findings suggest that CBCT enables not only quantitative analyses of articular cartilage, but also subchondral bone volumetric BMD.…”

Section: New Lessons From Ctmentioning

confidence: 99%