Contrast enhanced cartilage imaging: Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents

Wiener, Edzard; Woertler, Klaus; Weirich, Gregor; Rummeny, Ernst J.; Settles, Marcus

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.01.019

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with published data obtained from human and bovine cartilage samples ex vivo, indicating that T 1 depends on the macromolecular structure of cartilage [10,24]. This effect is considerably stronger at lower field strengths and could impact the quantification of tissue contrast agent concentrations in human cartilage in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

Wiener¹,

Pfirrmann²,

Hodler³

2010

BJR

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ABSTRACT. The longitudiual relaxation time T 1 of native cartilage is frequently assumed to be constant. To redress this, the spatial variation of T 1 in unenhanced healthy human knee cartilage in different compartments and cartilage layers was investigated. Knees of 25 volunteers were examined on a 1.5 T MRI system. A three-dimensional gradient-echo sequence with a variable flip angle, in combination with parallel imaging, was used for rapid T 1 mapping of the whole knee. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in five different cartilage segments (medial and lateral femoral cartilage, medial and lateral tibial cartilage and patellar cartilage). Pooled histograms and averaged profiles across the cartilage thickness were generated. The mean values were compared for global variance using the Kruskal-Wallis test and pairwise using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Mean T 1 decreased from 900-1100 ms in superficial cartilage to 400-500 ms in deep cartilage. The averaged T 1 value of the medial femoral cartilage was 702¡68 ms, of the lateral femoral cartilage 630¡75 ms, of the medial tibial cartilage 700¡87 ms, of the lateral tibial cartilage 594¡74 ms and of the patellar cartilage 666¡78 ms. There were significant differences between the medial and lateral compartment (p,0.01). In each cartilage segment, T 1 decreased considerably from superficial to deep cartilage. Only small variations of T 1 between different cartilage segments were found but with a significant difference between the medial and lateral compartments. MRI relaxation parameters are used to evaluate cartilage degradation. T 2 has been investigated extensively and has been demonstrated to vary with water and collagen content and with collagen orientation in the different cartilage layers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8].The quantification of the longitudiual relaxation time T 1 of native cartilage has received less attention. In experimental studies, native T 1 has been demonstrated to correlate with mechanical properties [9] and to depend upon the macromolecular structure of cartilage [10]. However, it is frequently assumed to be constant across cartilage [11][12][13]. A few studies have investigated the mean values of a single compartment (Table 1) [10, 14-19] but have not investigated the depth-dependent variation. To our knowledge, no study has systematically compared T 1 of unenhanced human knee cartilage in different cartilage layers and in different cartilage compartments in healthy volunteers.Usually, inversion-recovery (IR) sequences have been used to measure several points in the T 1 relaxation curve. Although this technique provides ideal measurements of T 1 , it is not viable in most studies that require T 1 values of a large volume within a reasonable time. Threedimensional (3D) T 1 mapping techniques were applied for this purpose [17,[20][21][22].The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial variation of native cartilage T 1 in different compartments and different cartilage layers in healthy human knee joints using a rapid 3D gradient-echo (G...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

Wiener¹,

Pfirrmann²,

Hodler³

2010

BJR

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“…The measured r 1 of Mn-doped ZnS is much higher than the one of commercial Mn CAs such as Mn(II) dipyridoxyl diphosphate (Teslascan Ò , r 1 = 2.1 mM -1 s -1 at 1.5 T and 20°C) (Wiener et al 2007) and MnCl 2 (r 1 = 8 mM -1 s -1 at 0.47 T and 40°C) (Elizondo et al 1991) in aqueous solution. Furthermore, compared to the r 1 of CdTe/ Mn:ZnS with the Mn dopant concentration of 10 % (Jing et al 2013), MnZnS 1 in our study shows higher r 1 value of 20.34 mM -1 s -1 .…”

Section: Mri Studiesmentioning

confidence: 83%

High potential of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles with different dopant concentrations as novel MRI contrast agents: synthesis and in vitro relaxivity studies

et al. 2015

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Over several decades, metal-doped quantum dots (QDs) with core-shell structure have been studied as dual probes: fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes (Dixit et al., Mater Lett 63(30):2669-2671). However, metal-doped nanoparticles, in which the majority of metal ions are close to the surface, can affect their efficacy as MRI contrast agents (CAs). In this context, herein the high potential of synthesized Mn-doped ZnS QDs via polyol method as imaging probe is demonstrated. The mean diameters of QDs were measured via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Optical and magnetic properties of MnZnS nanoparticles were characterized using fluorescence spectroscopy and super quanducting interference devices magnetometer and electron paramagnetic resonance system, respectively. T1-and T2-weighted images of nanoparticles in aqueous solution were acquired from spin-echo sequences at 3 T. From TEM images and XRD spectra of the prepared nanoparticles, it is observed that the average diameter of particles does not significantly change with Mn dopant content (*1.6-1.9 nm). All three samples exhibit broad blue emission under UV light excitation. According to the MRI studies, MnZnS nanoparticles generate strong T1 contrast enhancement (bright T1-weighted images) at the low concentration (\0.1 mM). The MnZnS nanoparticles exhibit the high longitudinal (r 1 ) relaxivity that increases from 20.34 to 75.5 mM -1 s -1 with the Mn dopant contents varying between 10 and 30 %. Strong signal intensity on T1weighted images and high r 1 with r 2 r 1 % 1 can demonstrate the high potential of the synthesized Mn:ZnS nanoparticles, which can serve as an effective T1 CA.Scheme 1 Schematic of Mn:ZnS capped with mercaptoacetic acid and enlarge carboxylic acid interaction with water molecules J Nanopart Res (2015) 17:258

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“…Therefore, it has to be stated clearly that in future approaches comparable quantitative analyses may be possible without contrast injections. Further, a static state with complete equilibration after contrast agent injection cannot be reached in vivo and the GAG content of the deep cartilage layer may be overestimated [183–185]. Further, dGEMRIC may not be specific to GAG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cartilage Repair Surgery: Outcome Evaluation by Using Noninvasive Cartilage Biomarkers Based on Quantitative MRI Techniques?

Jungmann

Baum

Bauer

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

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Background. New quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are increasingly applied as outcome measures after cartilage repair. Objective. To review the current literature on the use of quantitative MRI biomarkers for evaluation of cartilage repair at the knee and ankle. Methods. Using PubMed literature research, studies on biochemical, quantitative MR imaging of cartilage repair were identified and reviewed. Results. Quantitative MR biomarkers detect early degeneration of articular cartilage, mainly represented by an increasing water content, collagen disruption, and proteoglycan loss. Recently, feasibility of biochemical MR imaging of cartilage repair tissue and surrounding cartilage was demonstrated. Ultrastructural properties of the tissue after different repair procedures resulted in differences in imaging characteristics. T2 mapping, T1rho mapping, delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) are applicable on most clinical 1.5 T and 3 T MR scanners. Currently, a standard of reference is difficult to define and knowledge is limited concerning correlation of clinical and MR findings. The lack of histological correlations complicates the identification of the exact tissue composition. Conclusions. A multimodal approach combining several quantitative MRI techniques in addition to morphological and clinical evaluation might be promising. Further investigations are required to demonstrate the potential for outcome evaluation after cartilage repair.

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Contrast enhanced cartilage imaging: Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

High potential of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles with different dopant concentrations as novel MRI contrast agents: synthesis and in vitro relaxivity studies

Cartilage Repair Surgery: Outcome Evaluation by Using Noninvasive Cartilage Biomarkers Based on Quantitative MRI Techniques?

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Contrast enhanced cartilage imaging: Comparison of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Spatial variation inT1of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

Spatial variation inT1of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

High potential of Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles with different dopant concentrations as novel MRI contrast agents: synthesis and in vitro relaxivity studies

Cartilage Repair Surgery: Outcome Evaluation by Using Noninvasive Cartilage Biomarkers Based on Quantitative MRI Techniques?

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Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint

Spatial variation inT₁of healthy human articular cartilage of the knee joint