“…This situation can be aggravated by famine relief and development efforts (McCabe, 1990a;Hitchcock and Hussein, 1987;Hogg, 1986Hogg, , 1983aToulmin, 1985;O'Leary, 1990). The famine-induced destitution of pastoralist populations is a problem of considerable magnitude, and results in large expenditures on refugee programs (Hitchcock and Hussein, 1987;Neldner, 1979;Torry, 1984;Oba, 1985;Frantz, 1975;Hogg, 1983a;Clark, 1985;Zumer-Linder, 1986;McCabe, 1987 and1990a;Toulmin, 1985;Little, 1984;Campbell, 1981;Lewis, 1975). The livestock industrya significant, and in many cases dominant part of the national economy in a number of African countries can be severely damaged by herd loss and require very long periods of time to recover (Table 1) (Clark, 1985;Bennett, 1984;Campbell, 1981;Biswas et.…”