Continuously functioning artificial nephron system: The promise of nanotechnology

Nissenson, Allen R.; Ronco, Claudio; Pergamit, Gayle; Edelstein, Martin; Watts, R. W. E.

doi:10.1111/j.1492-7535.2005.01135.x

“…Nissenson Human Nephron Filter (HNF) is a portable artificial kidney that can be worn by the user. [49] It consists of two membranes within a cartridge – the first G-membrane produces an ultrafiltrate containing low molecular weight solutes approaching the weight of albumin, by convective transport. This mimics the function of the glomerulus.…”

Section: The Artificial Kidneymentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnology in Urology

Jayasimha

¹

2017

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Introduction:Nanotechnology has revolutionized our approach to medical diagnostics as well as therapeutics and has spanned an entirely new branch of research. This review addresses the potential applications of Nanotechnology in Urology. This article is based on the Dr. Sitharaman Best Essay award of the Urological Society of India for 2016.Methods:A PubMed search was performed for all relevant articles using the terms, “nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanoscaffolds, and nanofibers.”Results:The developments in diagnostics include novel techniques of imaging of genitourinary malignancies, prostate-specific antigen measurement, early detection of mutations that are diagnostic for polycystic kidney disease. The potential applications of nanotechnology are in the targeted therapy of genitourinary malignancies, erectile dysfunction, overactive bladder, bladder reconstruction, construction of artificial kidneys and biodegradable stents as well as in robotic surgery.Conclusions:Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging branch of research in urology with diverse and clinically significant applications in diagnostics as well as therapeutics.

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“…Nissenson and colleagues (7,8) have proposed the human nephron filter (HNF) as a novel mode of RRT for patients with ESRD. The HNF consists of two membranes that operate in series within one cartridge.…”

Section: Human Nephron Filtermentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy

Rastogi

¹

,

Nissenson²

2009

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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The worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease shows no signs of abating in the near future. Current dialysis forms of renal replacement therapy (RRT), even though successful in sustaining life and improving quality of life somewhat for patients with ESRD, have many limitations that result in still unacceptably high morbidity and mortality. Transplantation is an excellent option but is limited by the scarcity of organs. An ideal form of RRT would mimic the functions of natural kidneys and be transparent to the patient, as well as affordable to society. Recent advances in technology, although generally in early stages of development, might achieve these goals. The application of nanotechnology, microfluidics, bioreactors with kidney cells, and miniaturized sorbent systems to regenerate dialysate makes clinical reality seem closer than ever before. Finally, stem cells hold much promise, both for kidney disease and as a source of tissues and organs. In summary, nephrology is at an exciting crossroad with the application of innovative and novel technologies to RRT that hold considerable promise for the near future.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 4: S132-S136, 2009. doi: 10.2215/CJN.02860409 T he ongoing worldwide epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes ESRD. According to recent US Renal Data System estimates, more than 900,000 patients worldwide have ESRD and are on renal replacement therapy (RRT) (1). The majority of these patients are on intermittent, diffusion-based hemodialysis (HD), with only a relatively small fraction able to receive kidney transplants because of the scarcity of available donor organs.Even though dialysis is touted as the only currently available successful therapy that replaces the functions of an organ ex vivo, it has several limitations. The advent of clinical dialysis in the 1950s has had a huge impact on the way in which ESRD and acute kidney failure are managed, but several decades later, the morbidity and mortality in patients with ESRD remain unacceptably high (1). One possible reason is that the equivalent clearance provided by three-times-a-week conventional HD or typical continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (PD) is barely 15 to 20 ml/min, and the treatment by any criterion is unphysiologic (2). At the same time, the quality of life of patients who are on dialysis has remained suboptimal, and the cost of these procedures has remained high.Several attempts have been made to prove intramuscularly the efficiency of dialysis and outcomes in patients. In HD, these attempts include more biocompatible membranes, high-flux and high-efficiency membranes, more frequent and longer duration of dialysis, use of convective forms of therapy, and use of more user-friendly delivery systems. In PD, introduction of automated cyclers has improved convenience of the technique for some patients, increased the practical volume of dialysate, and, therefore, increased solute clearance and ultrafiltration capacity; however, none of these advances has had a substantial impact on patient outcomes.An ide...

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“…In vivo nanoscale sensors may also provide feedback, based on physiological status, as part of replacement biological systems, such as an artificial kidney or pancreas [161]. Due to the ultraminiature form factor, identical sensors may be implanted for redundancy as a safeguard against sensor failure.…”

Section: Real-time Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanotechnologies for Diagnosis – Present and Future

Hughes

¹

2003

Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences

0

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The sections in this article are Introduction to Patient Diagnostics Nanotechnology and Patient Diagnostics Optical Fluorescence Quantum Dots Surface Plasmon Resonance ( SPR ), Nanoparticles and Nanoshells Fiber Optic Biosensors Electrical Nanomaterials for Enhanced Electron Transfer Electrochemical Biosensors Magnetic Mechanical Imaging Diagnostics Nanotechnology‐enhanced Tools Analytical Tools Raman Spectroscopy Mass Spectrometry Genetics Immunoassays Nanotechnology and the Future of Patient Diagnostics Multifunctional Platforms Real‐time Monitoring Multiplexed Diagnostic Assays Point‐of‐care Diagnostics Regulations, Risks and Ethics

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Continuously functioning artificial nephron system: The promise of nanotechnology

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Nanotechnology in Urology

Nanotechnology in Urology

Technological Advances in Renal Replacement Therapy

Nanotechnologies for Diagnosis – Present and Future

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