Continuous Wave Nanowire Lasing

Röder, Robert; Wille, Marcel; Geburt, Sebastian; Rensberg, Jura; Zhang, Mengyao; Lu, Jia Grace; Capasso, Federico; Buschlinger, Robert; Peschel, Ulf; Ronning, Carsten

doi:10.1021/nl401355b

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Besides application of semiconductor nanowires as optoelectronic devices [7,8,9], the remarkable optical properties of single nanowires like strong localization of light [10] and efficient waveguiding [11,12] as well as laser oscillations under pulsed optical pumping were already demonstrated for a wide range of semiconductor materials with emission from the UV to the NIR [13,14,15]. Optical pumping of the semiconductor nanowire material enables inversion and high optical gain suitable even for continuous wave lasing [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization features of optically pumped CdS nanowire lasers

Röder¹,

Ploss²,

Kriesch³

et al. 2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. High quality CdS nanowires suspended in air were optically pumped both below and above the lasing threshold. The polarization of the pump laser was varied while the nanowire emission was monitored in a 'head-on' measurement geometry. Highest pump-efficiency and most efficient absorption of the pump radiation are demonstrated for an incident electric field being polarized parallel to the nanowire axis. This polarization dependence was observed both above the lasing threshold and in the regime of amplified spontaneous emission. Measured Stokes parameters of the nanowire emission reveal that due to the onset of lasing the degree of polarization rapidly increases from approximately 15% to 85 %. Both, Stokes parameters and degree of polarization of the nanowire lasing emission are independent of the excitation polarization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization features of optically pumped CdS nanowire lasers

Röder¹,

Ploss²,

Kriesch³

et al. 2014

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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“…

mixing or exchange of cations or anions, covering the complete visible and near-IR wavelength region; (iii) they show lasing at carrier densities as low as 10 16 cm −3 , which is two orders of magnitude lower than those in conventional semiconductor NWs. While continuous wave (CW) lasing is vital to achieving electrically injected NW lasers and to applications such as optical communication and spectroscopy, [14,15] achieving CW lasing in lead halide perovskite NWs was thought to be exceptionally challenging due to thermal damage and to screening of the exciton resonance. While continuous wave (CW) lasing is vital to achieving electrically injected NW lasers and to applications such as optical communication and spectroscopy, [14,15] achieving CW lasing in lead halide perovskite NWs was thought to be exceptionally challenging due to thermal damage and to screening of the exciton resonance.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous‐Wave Lasing in Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanowires

Evans

Schlaus

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

177

218

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mixing or exchange of cations or anions, covering the complete visible and near-IR wavelength region; (iii) they show lasing at carrier densities as low as 10 16 cm −3 , which is two orders of magnitude lower than those in conventional semiconductor NWs. [9] However, all lead halide perovskite NW lasers demonstrated thus far are limited to pulsed operation. While continuous wave (CW) lasing is vital to achieving electrically injected NW lasers and to applications such as optical communication and spectroscopy, [14,15] achieving CW lasing in lead halide perovskite NWs was thought to be exceptionally challenging due to thermal damage and to screening of the exciton resonance. [16,17] The latter leads to a reduction in oscillator strength and gain at high excitation densities necessary for population inversion. [16,17] However, lasing in a NW cavity may not necessarily require population inversion. Coupling between the exciton resonance and light is enhanced in a NW due to the reduced mode volume of the photons and the cavity enhanced oscillator strength through the relation Ω ∝ / f V , where Ω is the vacuum Rabi splitting; f is the oscillator strength; and V is the mode volume. [18] In this regime, coherent light emission can originate from the steady-state leakage of an exciton-polariton condensate below the threshold for population inversion. [19] An exciton-polariton, or polariton for short, is a bosonic quasiparticle formed by the superposition of strongly coupled exciton and photon states, which generates an upper and lower polariton branch (UPB and LPB, respectively) from the avoided crossing of the two dispersions. [20,21] The LPB is exciton like at high momentum (k) and photon like at lower k (see Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). Consequentially, polaritons relax along the LPB by acoustic phonon emission and accumulate near the avoided crossing, i.e., the polariton bottleneck, due to the reduced lifetimes and density-of-states in the photon-like region at lower energies. [21] Polaritons undergo Bose-stimulated scattering, which surpasses spontaneousscattering at a critical density to produce the coherent condensate state [22] and the light leaking out of the cavity from such a coherent state has been called polariton lasing. [20,21] Condensation in the bottleneck region was observed in CdTe microcavities as a ring of emission in angle-resolved fluorescence measurements. [23,24] The NW cavity differs from the planar microcavity. While both are Fabry-Perot cavities defined by end facets in a NW [7,8,13] or distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) in Lead halide perovskite nanowires (NWs) have been demonstrated in pulsed lasing with high quantum yields, low thresholds, and broad tunability. However, continuous-wave (CW) lasing, necessary for many optoelectronic applications, has not been achieved to date. This is thought to be due to many-body screening, which reduces the excitonic resonance enhancement of the oscillator strength at high excitation densities necessary for population inversion. Here CW lasi...

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“…Under weak optical pumping, spontaneous photoluminescence and gain occur below the band-edge near 3.24 eV through either exciton-exciton scattering or via optical phonon scattering ( 72 meV) 31,32 . Meanwhile, under strong excitation above the Mott density, carrier screening causes exciton dissociation into an electron hole plasma (EHP), which together with band-gap renormalization, provides gain as far below the band-edge as ~3.19 eV 33 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrafast plasmonic nanowire lasers near the surface plasmon frequency

et al. 2014

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Lasers that use metallic cavities have emerged recently as a new class of light source [1][2][3] . Plasmonic lasers achieve optical confinement and feedback using surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), quasiparticles of photons and electrons at metal-dielectric interfaces, which can be amplified by suitable optical gain media 4 . The high gain of inorganic crystalline semiconductors is typically necessary to overcome fast electron scattering in metals (~10 fs), which leaves plasmonic lasers with high parasitic cavity loss. Nevertheless, SPPs offer the capability to reduce optical mode sizes far below the scale of the vacuum wavelength 3,5-8 leading to compact lasers that can generate extremely focussed optical excitations on potentially ultrafast time scales 1,9 with applications in Raman sensing

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Continuous Wave Nanowire Lasing

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

Polarization features of optically pumped CdS nanowire lasers

Polarization features of optically pumped CdS nanowire lasers

Continuous‐Wave Lasing in Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanowires

Ultrafast plasmonic nanowire lasers near the surface plasmon frequency

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