Continuous-wave diode-pumped Yb3+:S-FAP laser

Dickinson, Mark; Gloster, L. A. W.; Hopps, N. W.; King, Tekoa L.

doi:10.1016/0030-4018(96)00367-7

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For applications of metal phosphates, see: Barone & Nancollas (1978); Dickinson et al (1996). For non-centrosymmetric phosphates with non-linear optical properties, see: Noor & Dam (1986); Aguilo & Wuensdregt (1985); Masse & Grenier (1971 has been used in dentistry (Barone & Nancollas, 1978) and Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F (Dickinson et al, 1996) has been used as a laser crystal in laser technology.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For non-centrosymmetric phosphates with non-linear optical properties, see: Noor & Dam (1986); Aguilo & Wuensdregt (1985); Masse & Grenier (1971 has been used in dentistry (Barone & Nancollas, 1978) and Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F (Dickinson et al, 1996) has been used as a laser crystal in laser technology. Especially, some non-centrosymmetric phosphates have been used as important crystals with nonlinear optical properties, such as KH 2 PO 4 (KDP) (Noor & Dam, 1986), NH 4 H 2 PO 4 (ADP) (Aguilo & Wuensdregt, 1985) and KTiOPO 4 (KTP) (Masse & Grenier, 1971 There are channels in the anionic substructure along [1 0 1] (Fig.…”

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Bis[2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)-5-methoxyphenolato]zinc(II)

Bai¹

2010

Acta Cryst E

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Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Bis[2-(cyclopropyliminomethyl)-5-methoxyphenolato]zinc(II)

Bai¹

2010

Acta Cryst E

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“…71 identified Yb 3+ :C-FAP as the most favorable material, producing the highest emission cross section and lowest intensity required to reach lasing threshold. 73 , Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl (CClAP) 73 , and S-FAP [76][77][78][79][80] . Yb 3+ :S-FAP, having the best laser characteristics to date, was 6 further developed into a Q-switched oscillator [81][82][83] , a mode-locked oscillator 84 , a slab amplifier 85 , and a scalable diode-pumped gas-cooled-slab laser 86 .…”

Section: Ytterbium Doped Apatitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Trivalent Ytterbium Doped Fluorapatites for Diode-Pumped Laser Applications

Bayramian

2000

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ABSTRACT:One of the major motivators of this work is the Mercury Project, which is a 1 kW scalable diode-pumped solid-state laser system under development at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Major goals include 100 J pulses, 10%wallplug efficiency, 10 Hz repetition rate, and a 5 times diffraction limited beam. To achieve these goals the Mercury laser incorporates ytterbium doped Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 F (S-FAP)as the amplifier gain medium. The primary focus of this thesis is a full understanding of the properties of this material which are necessary for proper design and modeling of the system.Ytterbium doped fluorapatites, which were previously investigated at LLNL, were found to be ideal candidate materials for a high power amplifier systems providing high absorption and emission cross sections, long radiative lifetimes, and high efficiency. A family of barium substituted S-FAP crystals were grown in an effort to modify the pump and emission bandwidths for application to broadband diode pumping and short pulse generation. Crystals of Yb 3+ :Sr 5-x Ba x (PO 4 ) 3 F where x < 1 showed homogeneous lines offering 8.4 nm (1.8 times enhancement) of absorption bandwidth and 6.9 nm (1.4 times enhancement) of emission bandwidth. The gain saturation fluence of Yb:S-FAP was measured to be 3.2 J/cm 2 using a pump-probe experiment where the probe laser was a high intensity Q-switched master oscillator power amplifier system. The extraction data was successfully fit to a homogeneous extraction model. The trivalent ytterbium ion 1-5 is attractive as a laser ion due to its simple electronic structure, long radiative lifetimes, and high quantum efficiency. The electronic structure of trivalent ytterbium can be derived from the outer orbital configuration of 4f 13 , or 1 unpaired electron in the 4f shell. This gives rise to only two energy levels in the free ion, since J = L + S = 3 ± ½, with Russell-Saunders notation 2 F 7/2 and 2 F 5/2 . Since the 4f shell is more than half filled, Hund's rules dictate that the 2 F 7/2 level will be the lower level (ground state) and the 2 F 5/2 level the upper one. Quantum mechanics gives 2J + 1 possible states for each of these levels, but since the number of electrons is odd (13 in the f orbital), Kramer's degeneracy states that there must be at least a two-fold degeneracy of these states. Therefore, the 2 F 5/2 will split into three levels, and the 2 F 7/2 into four levels.When Yb 3+ is doped into a crystalline or glass host medium, these levels are Stark split forming excited and ground state manifolds of three and four levels respectively (Fig. 1).The long radiative lifetimes of ytterbium doped materials make it possible to excite these materials to inversion at lower intensities, since there is a longer integration time. The quantum defect is defined as η q = ν laser /ν pump , where ν pump is the pump frequency, and ν laser is the laser frequency. Since the Yb 3+ ion has only two electronic levels, even the worst case quantum defect is only the deficit incurred from the combined ...

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“…For Yb:YAG, such a rise in temperature led to a loss of 50% of the performance, 13 whereas the output power of a Yb:S-FAP ͓Yb:Sr 5 ͑PO 4 ͒ 3 F͔ laser decreased by 38% when the temperature changed by only 20°C. 2 The small effect of the temperature on Yb:GdCOB laser performance could be explained by the large splitting of the 2 F 7͞2 level. In fact, the lower laser level is the uppermost of four crystal field components of the 2 F 7͞2 level and is separated by 1003 cm Ϫ1 ͑compared with 628 cm Ϫ1 for Yb:YAG and ϳ600 cm…”

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confidence: 99%