Continuous Turnover of Carotenes and Chlorophyll a in Mature Leaves of Arabidopsis Revealed by 14CO2 Pulse-Chase Labeling

Beisel, Kim Gabriele; Jahnke, Siegfried; Hofmann, Diana; Köppchen, Stephan; Schurr, Ulrich; Matsubara, Shizue

doi:10.1104/pp.109.151647

Cited by 137 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…These differences in gene expression patterns indicate that NOL and HCAR might have different developmental roles than NYC1, which is primarily required during senescence. In green leaves, Chl is thought to be turned over continuously alongside with photosystem complexes, in particular the core complex components of photosystem II, which undergo a continuous repair cycle [29]. However, the extent and molecular mechanism of this Chl turnover [23] remain largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence

Sakuraba

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2013

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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During natural or dark-induced senescence, chlorophyll degradation causes leaf yellowing. Recent evidence indicates that chlorophyll catabolic enzymes (CCEs) interact with the photosynthetic apparatus; for example, five CCEs (NYC1, NOL, PPH, PAO and RCCR) interact with LHCII. STAY-GREEN (SGR) and CCEs interact with one another in senescing chloroplasts; this interaction may allow metabolic channeling of potentially phototoxic chlorophyll breakdown intermediates. 7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (HCAR) also acts as a CCE, but HCAR functions during leaf senescence remain unclear. Here we show that in Arabidopsis, HCAR-overexpressing plants exhibited accelerated leaf yellowing and, conversely, hcar mutants stayed green during dark-induced senescence. Moreover, HCAR interacted with LHCII in in vivo pull-down assays, and with SGR, NYC1, NOL and RCCR in yeast twohybrid assays, indicating that HCAR is a component of the proposed SGR-CCE-LHCII complex, which acts in chlorophyll breakdown. Notably, HCAR and NOL are expressed throughout leaf development and are drastically down-regulated during dark-induced senescence, in contrast with SGR, NYC1, PPH and PAO, which are up-regulated during dark-induced senescence. Moreover, HCAR and NOL are highly up-regulated during greening of etiolated seedlings, strongly suggesting a major role for NOL and HCAR in the chlorophyll cycle during vegetative stages, possibly in chlorophyll turnover.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In higher plants, the fate of turned-over Chl remains elusive [29], but according to the gene expression data shown…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence

Sakuraba

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2013

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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“…Recently, it was demonstrated by 14 CO 2 uptake experiments that carotenoid turnover appears to be much greater than expected (Beisel et al 2010). Given the continued synthesis in mature leaves the active degradation of carotenoids by CCD (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases) and NCED (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) enzymatic turnover has emerged an exciting area of discovery (Bouvier et al 2005;Walter et al 2010;Lewinsohn et al 2005).…”

Section: Turnover and Degradation Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli

2011

Functional Plant Biol.

439

245

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Abstract. Carotenoids are natural isoprenoid pigments that provide leaves, fruits, vegetables and flowers with distinctive yellow, orange and some reddish colours as well as several aromas in plants. Their bright colours serve as attractants for pollination and seed dispersal. Carotenoids comprise a large family of C 40 polyenes and are synthesised by all photosynthetic organisms, aphids, some bacteria and fungi alike. In animals carotenoid derivatives promote health, improve sexual behaviour and are essential for reproduction. As such, carotenoids are commercially important in agriculture, food, health and the cosmetic industries. In plants, carotenoids are essential components required for photosynthesis, photoprotection and the production of carotenoid-derived phytohormones, including ABA and strigolactone. The carotenoid biosynthetic pathway has been extensively studied in a range of organisms providing an almost complete pathway for carotenogenesis. A new wave in carotenoid biology has revealed implications for epigenetic and metabolic feedback control of carotenogenesis. Developmental and environmental signals can regulate carotenoid gene expression thereby affecting carotenoid accumulation. This review highlights mechanisms controlling (1) the first committed step in phytoene biosynthesis, (2) flux through the branch to synthesis of a-and b-carotenes and (3) metabolic feedback signalling within and between the carotenoid, MEP and ABA pathways.

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“…Recent pulsechase labeling experiments (Beisel et al, 2010) showed that carotenoid degradation in Arabidopsis leaves occurs at a much higher rate than suspected (a slow rate was assumed based on the persistent carotenoid-derived colors of senescing leaves). Yet the mechanisms controlling carotenoid degradation and turnover are still little known.…”

Section: Carotenoid Turnovermentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: A Colorful Pathway

Ruiz-Sola

Rodríguez‐Concepción

2012

The Arabidopsis Book

469

372

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Plant carotenoids are a family of pigments that participate in light harvesting and are essential for photoprotection against excess light. Furthermore, they act as precursors for the production of apocarotenoid hormones such as abscisic acid and strigolactones. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the genes and enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway (which is now almost completely elucidated) and on the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. We also discuss the relevance of Arabidopsis as a model system for the study of carotenogenesis and how metabolic engineering approaches in this plant have taught important lessons for carotenoid biotechnology.

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Continuous Turnover of Carotenes and Chlorophyll a in Mature Leaves of Arabidopsis Revealed by ¹⁴CO₂ Pulse-Chase Labeling

Cited by 137 publications

References 70 publications

7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence

7-Hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase functions in metabolic channeling of chlorophyll breakdown intermediates during leaf senescence

Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: A Colorful Pathway

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