Carotenoids in nature: insights from plants and beyond

Cazzonelli, Christopher I

doi:10.1071/fp11192

Cited by 417 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 146 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…Carotenoids play critical roles in organisms from all biological kingdoms; yet, synthesis of carotenoids occurs largely in plants and photosynthetic bacteria, where these pigments have essential functions in light harvesting during photosynthesis and in photoprotection (14,15). Carotenoids also act as precursors in the synthesis of a range of small molecules (apocarotenoids) with diverse functions across the plant and animal kingdoms (16)(17)(18). For example, carotenoid pigments and volatile apocarotenoids, such as α-and β-ionone, are key aroma and flavor elements in attracting the agents of pollination and seed dispersal (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic root branching in Arabidopsis requires synthesis of an uncharacterized carotenoid derivative

Norman

Zhang

Cazzonelli

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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109

117

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In plants, continuous formation of lateral roots (LRs) facilitates efficient exploration of the soil environment. Roots can maximize developmental capacity in variable environmental conditions through establishment of sites competent to form LRs. This LR prepattern is established by a periodic oscillation in gene expression near the root tip. The spatial distribution of competent (prebranch) sites results from the interplay between this periodic process and primary root growth; yet, much about this oscillatory process and the formation of prebranch sites remains unknown. We find that disruption of carotenoid biosynthesis results in seedlings with very few LRs. Carotenoids are further required for the output of the LR clock because inhibition of carotenoid synthesis also results in fewer sites competent to form LRs. Genetic analyses and a carotenoid cleavage inhibitor indicate that an apocarotenoid, distinct from abscisic acid or strigolactone, is specifically required for LR formation. Expression of a key carotenoid biosynthesis gene occurs in a spatially specific pattern along the root's axis, suggesting spatial regulation of carotenoid synthesis. These results indicate that developmental prepatterning of LRs requires an uncharacterized carotenoid-derived molecule. We propose that this molecule functions non-cell-autonomously in establishment of the LR prepattern.root development | patterning | secondary metabolite synthesis A nchorage and uptake of water and soluble nutrients are essential functions of plant root systems and key to plant productivity and survival. The capacity of a root system to carry out these functions can be maximized by iterative root branching. Root branches are formed de novo during primary root growth, which allows for the elaboration of a complex root system that effectively enables the plant to navigate and exploit the resources of diverse, locally variable subterranean environments. Understanding the developmental mechanisms underlying the pattern of root branches has broad significance in both basic and applied research.As with other dicotyledonous plants, formation of a complex root system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) occurs through iterative production of branches, or lateral roots (LRs), from the primary root. The simplified root system of Arabidopsis has yielded considerable insight into the cellular events and molecular regulators required for LR formation (recently reviewed in refs.

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic root branching in Arabidopsis requires synthesis of an uncharacterized carotenoid derivative

Norman

Zhang

Cazzonelli

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

109

117

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“…Several kinds of lentils are imported in Korea such as red lentil (India/ Canada), brown lentil whole (India/Canada), red lentil whole (Australia), green lentil whole (India), French green lentil whole (Canada), light green lentil whole (Canada), Queen green lentil whole (Canada). Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid, fat-soluble pigments that can be subdivided into two groups based on whether or not they contain oxygen: lutein, zeaxanthin, and violaxanthin do contain a b c oxygen, and -carotene, -carotene, and lycopene do not contain it (Bouvier et al 2005;Bhakta and Siva 2010;Cazzonelli 2011). In contrast, flavonoids, the largest group of secondary metabolites (Kim et al 2013), which have been studied in snapdragon, corn, Arabidopsis, and petunia (Jaakola and Hohtola 2010), are water-soluble pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Analysis of Lentil (Lens culinaris) Cultivars Related to Colors and Their Antioxidative Activity

Lee¹,

Yeo²,

Park³

et al. 2017

Plant Breed. Biotech.

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Metabolite profile is a powerful analytical technique to identify the functional characterization of plants. In this study, the phytochemicals and secondary metabolites of lentils (Lens culinaris) were analyzed to compare the anti-oxidative activities according to the different colors. The polar metabolites, fatty acids, carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic acids, DPPH activity were analyzed. Three kind of lentils, French green whole lentil (FG), red whole lentil (LR), and green whole lentil (LG) (ASIA SEED Co., LTD), were used for this study. Fatty acids, phytochemicals, and antioxidative components from each lentil varieties were analyzed by official methods. The contents of lutein in carotenoids were 6-9 times higher than zeaxanthin in all lentils, but were not significantly different among three varieties. The content of carotenoids in FG was lower significantly than those in the LR and LG. Myricetin and luteolin were detected in the only FG. Kaempferol and delphinidin were significantly highest in the FG. Most of the phenolic acids except coumarate were higher in FG and LG than in LR. Also antioxidant effects (EC50) were higher in FG and LG than in LR. The analyzed metabolites obtained from lentils showed distinct separation in the PCA results according to the varieties. Also, lentils showed different anti-oxidant profiles according to the colors. FG and LG showing higher contents of phytochemicals showed higher antioxidative activity than LG containing relative low contents of phytochemicals.

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“…About 50 dietary carotenoids, including β-carotene possess provitamin A activity [46], since in the intestinal mucosa they can be metabolized to vitamin A, usually in the form of different retinyl esters [47]. Serious deficiency of vitamin A can lead to oculus diseases or even premature death [48]. Carotenoids become pro-oxidants in certain cases [49] and even increase the risk of lung cancer for smokers [49,50].…”

Section: Biological Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%