Continuous reactive extraction of penicillin G and its re-extraction in three different column types—a comparison

Physical and Reactive Extraction Equilibria of Penicillin G in a Hydrogen-Bond Acceptor Solvent System

“…We therefore could certify that there existed a solute-solvent interaction in the current physical extraction system. In many reactive extraction systems (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) where the organic solution was n-butyl acetate and the extractant was Amberlite LA-2 as a secondary amine, it has been known that 1 mol of undissociated penicillin acid reacts with 1 mol of Amberlite LA-2 to form 1 mol of penicillin-Amberlite LA-2 complex (AHP). Figure 5 shows the transport mechanism of penicillin G in the current reactive extraction system with Amberlite LA-2 in n-butyl acetate, where we introduced the chemical equilibrium.…”

“…C PG ) C P + C HP,aq + C HP,org + 2C (HP) 2 + ‚‚‚ + n(HP) n (6) 3K eq,3 P HP 3 C HP,aq 3 + 2K eq,2 P HP 2 C HP,aq…”

“…In conventional solvent extraction processes, physical extraction of penicillin G brought about considerable losses in the amount of penicillin G owing to its decomposition at low pH (1). To reduce the losses, Reschke and Schügerl not only suggested the reactive extraction of penicillin G under a mild pH condition (1-3) but also applied the reactive extraction to various kinds of extractors (4)(5)(6)(7). Because of high physical solubility of penicillin G into n-butyl acetate, one of the hydrogen-bond acceptor solvents, it has been used as an organic solvent for reactive extraction of penicillin G by many researchers (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Improved extraction of penicillin G using hydrocarbon sulfoxides

“…Penicillin G is an important and widely used antibiotic. Its traditional extraction process with n ‐butyl acetate from filtered fermentation broth has the disadvantages of high consumption of n ‐butyl acetate, high power consumption for recovery of n ‐butyl acetate from the raffinate of the extraction process owing to higher solubility of n ‐butyl acetate in aqueous phase, and a lower recovery yield of penicillin G. To overcome these shortcomings, Schugerl and others1–7 have researched the reactive extraction of penicillin systematically and some new extraction systems containing amine extractants were adopted. Zhou Li et al (Zhou Li, unpublished) carried out similar research work.…”