Continuous Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during the First Seven Days Post-Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Cheung, Amanda; Tu, Lorna; Manouchehri, Neda; Kim, Kyoung‐Tae; So, Kitty; Webster, Megan; Fisk, Shera; Tigchelaar, Seth; Dalkilic, Sara S.; Sayre, Eric C.; Streijger, Femke; Macnab, Andrew; Shadgan, Babak

doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7086

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…As these animals were used in studies to answer different research questions [71][72][73][74] they were subjected to different injury levels (T2 or T10), drop heights (20 or 50 cm) and compression times (5, 30, or 120 min). The injury and impact parameters for each animal can be found in Supplemental Table 1.…”

Section: Porcine Model Of Thoracic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the gut microbiome in a porcine model of thoracic spinal cord injury

et al. 2021

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Background The gut microbiome is a diverse network of bacteria which inhabit our digestive tract and is crucial for efficient cellular metabolism, nutrient absorption, and immune system development. Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts autonomic function below the level of injury and can alter the composition of the gut microbiome. Studies in rodent models have shown that SCI-induced bacterial imbalances in the gut can exacerbate the spinal cord damage and impair recovery. In this study we, for the first time, characterized the composition of the gut microbiome in a Yucatan minipig SCI model. We compared the relative abundance of the most dominant bacterial phyla in control samples to those collected from animals who underwent a contusion-compression SCI at the 2nd or 10th Thoracic level. Results We identify specific bacterial fluctuations that are unique to SCI animals, which were not found in uninjured animals given the same dietary regimen or antibiotic administration. Further, we identified a specific time-frame, “SCI-acute stage”, during which many of these bacterial fluctuations occur before returning to “baseline” levels. Conclusion This work presents a dynamic view of the microbiome changes that accompany SCI, establishes a resource for future studies and to understand the changes that occur to gut microbiota after spinal cord injury and may point to a potential therapeutic target for future treatment.

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Section: Porcine Model Of Thoracic Scimentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the gut microbiome in a porcine model of thoracic spinal cord injury

et al. 2021

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“…Thus, they concluded that NIRS monitoring could help surgeons prevent cord damage by providing real-time detection of the onset of ischemia and hypoxia, and hence allow intervention capable of restoring perfusion and oxygen delivery so as to prevent irreversible neuronal injury. Subsequently, several more recent studies have been conducted, notably on rabbits [ 55 ], sheep [ 56 , 57 , 58 ] or pig [ 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Mainard

Tsiakaka

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The spinal cord is a major structure of the central nervous system allowing, among other things, the transmission of afferent sensory and efferent motor information. During spinal surgery, such as scoliosis correction, this structure can be damaged, resulting in major neurological damage to the patient. To date, there is no direct way to monitor the oxygenation of the spinal cord intraoperatively to reflect its vitality. This is essential information that would allow surgeons to adapt their procedure in case of ischemic suffering of the spinal cord. We report the development of a specific device to monitor the functional status of biological tissues with high resolution. The device, operating with multiple wavelengths, uses Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with other additional sensors, including ElectroNeuroGraphy (ENG). In this paper, we focused primarily on aspects of the PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG), emanating from four different light sources to show in real time and record biological signals from the spinal cord in transmission and reflection modes. This multispectral system was successfully tested in in vivo experiments on the spinal cord of a pig for specific medical applications.

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“…Nine female Yucatan minipigs weighing 25 to 31 kg from previous studies that employed NIRS for investigating spinal cord hemodynamics after spinal cord injury (SCI) were analyzed. 33 Animals were prepared for surgery, intubated, and anesthetized as previously described. 53 , 54 In brief, animals were anesthetized with intramuscular telazol (5 mg/kg) and xylazine (1 mg/kg) and then endotracheally intubated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The target of 70%

was selected to induce a severe hypoxic response related to the spinal cord hemodynamics study that was primarily investigated in animals. 33 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 25 – 29 NIRS is a noninvasive optical technology used to measure tissue oxygenation and hemodynamics in various tissues, such as the brain, skeletal muscle, and spinal cord. 30 – 33 Using similar physics principles to pulse oximetry, NIRS generates NIR light signals that penetrate tissue and measure the amount of light absorbed by tissue chromophores. 34 With the use of a single light source with at least two wavelengths in the NIR spectrum (650 to 1000 nm) and one PD, NIRS is able to monitor changes in tissue oxygen delivery and consumption by measuring

, HHb, and the oxygenated–deoxygenated hemoglobin difference (

), a relative measure of tissue oxygenation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of hypoxia by near-infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: a comparative study

Cheung

Macnab

et al. 2022

J. Biomed. Opt.

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. Significance : Pulse oximetry is widely used in clinical practice to monitor changes in arterial oxygen saturation ( ). However, decreases in can be delayed relative to the actual clinical event, and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) may detect alterations in oxygenation earlier than pulse oximetry, as shown in previous cerebral oxygenation monitoring studies. Aim : We aim to compare the response of transcutaneous muscle NIRS measures of the tissue saturation index with pulse oximetry during hypoxia. Approach : Episodes of acute hypoxia were induced in nine anesthetized Yucatan miniature pigs. A standard pulse oximeter was attached to the ear of the animal, and a transcutaneous NIRS sensor was placed on the hind limb muscle. Hypoxia was induced by detaching the ventilator from the animal and reattaching it once the pulse oximeter reported 70% . Results : Twenty-four episodes of acute hypoxia were analyzed. Upon the start of hypoxia, the transcutaneous NIRS measures changed in , whereas the pulse oximetry measures changed in ( ). Conclusions : Transcutaneous muscle NIRS can detect the effects of hypoxia significantly sooner than pulse oximetry in the Yucatan miniature pig. A transcutaneous NIRS sensor may be used as an earlier detector of oxygen saturation changes in the clinical setting than the standard pulse oximeter.

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Continuous Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during the First Seven Days Post-Injury in a Porcine Model of Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Characterization of the gut microbiome in a porcine model of thoracic spinal cord injury

Characterization of the gut microbiome in a porcine model of thoracic spinal cord injury

Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System

Detection of hypoxia by near-infrared spectroscopy and pulse oximetry: a comparative study

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