Continuous intake of resistant maltodextrin enhanced intestinal immune response through changes in the intestinal environment in mice

Abstract

We investigated the effect of resistant maltodextrin (RMD), a non-viscous soluble dietary fiber, on intestinal immune response and its mechanism in mice. Intestinal and fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) were determined as indicators of intestinal immune response, and changes in the intestinal environment were focused to study the mechanism. BALB/c mice were fed one of three experimental diets, a control diet or a diet containing either 5% or 7.5% RMD, for two weeks. Continuous intake of RMD dose-dependently increased total IgA levels in the intestinal tract. Total IgA production from the cecal mucosa was significantly increased by RMD intake, while there were no significant differences in mucosal IgA production between the control group and experimental groups in the small intestine and colon. Continuous intake of RMD changed the composition of the cecal contents; that is, the composition of the cecal microbiota was changed, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were increased. There was an increased trend in Bacteroidales in the cecal microbiota, and butyrate, an SCFA, was significantly increased. Our study demonstrated that continuous intake of RMD enhanced the intestinal immune response by increasing the production of IgA in the intestinal tract. It suggested that the increase in total SCFAs and changes in the intestinal microbiota resulting from the fermentation of RMD orally ingested were associated with the induction of IgA production in intestinal immune cells, with the IgA production of the cecal mucosa in particular being significantly increased.

Pyrodextrin enhances intestinal function through changing the intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism in early weaned piglets

“…Non-digestible and functional carbohydrates are commonly referred to as dietary fiber, which provide health benefits such as intestinal motility (Watanabe et al 2018) and intestinal immune functions (Fastinger et al 2008;Miyazato et al 2016). Heating starch, occasionally with acid, causes a modification of polymer structures, thus resulting in different characteristics such as solubility in cold water, decreased viscosity, and resistance to alpha-amylase.…”

“…PD is water-soluble and expected to behave like dietary fiber, which exerts various physiological functions, including increasing mineral absorption, preventing diarrhea, and improving intestinal bacteria (Sajilata et al 2006). Miyazato et al (2016) found that continuous intake of soluble dietary fiber enhances the intestinal immune response in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in increased total immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestinal tract of mice. Furthermore, the soluble fiber resistant maltodextrin is a slowly fermentable prebiotic fiber that affects the gut microbiota, producing a marked change in the Bifidobacteria count in humans (Burns et al 2018).…”

Effects of Short-Term Intake of Wheat Bran with Different Particle Sizes on the Murine Intestinal Environment

“…High dietary fiber intake is reported to increase the phylum Bacteroidetes in the intestine of mammals such as mouse, pig and human (Miyazato et al, 2016;Magistrelli et al, 2016;Sheflin et al, 2016). Previous studies have shown that 8-week intake of whole-grain wheat increases the ratio of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and Prevotella at the genus level in human (Vitaglione et al, 2015), and that SCFA production in mice is elevated by long-term intake (4 weeks) of whole wheat and wheat bran (Garcia-Mazcorro et al, 2016;Takahashi et al, 1999).…”

“…Butyric acid production also increased with powdered wheat bran intake as mentioned above; therefore, intake may induce IgA secretion through SCFA production. Indeed, butyric acid that was induced by resistant starch intake enhances the production and secretion of IgA (Miyazato et al, 2016).…”

Effects of Five Products on Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Obese Rats

“…Recent studies have confirmed that banana powder led to a significant supplement in Bifidobacteria , Bacteriobacteria , Lactobacillus and restriction in Enterococcus , given obvious evidence to be associated with increased fermentation products and reduced pH in the gut, thereby improving the condition of intestinal 6 . Moreover, continuous administration of resistant maltodextrin could exert the structure of the cecum microorganism in rats, increasing the Bacteroidetes in the cecum and the content of butyrate significantly 7 . Furthermore, intervention of high-amylose corn starch has been demonstrated to adjust colonic flora in the metabolism process, reducing the activity of glucosidase and producing short chain fatty acid especially butyric acid, thus inhibiting the formation of colon cancer in the rats 8 .…”