2015
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409318
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Continuous‐Flow Technology—A Tool for the Safe Manufacturing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Abstract: In the past few years, continuous-flow reactors with channel dimensions in the micro- or millimeter region have found widespread application in organic synthesis. The characteristic properties of these reactors are their exceptionally fast heat and mass transfer. In microstructured devices of this type, virtually instantaneous mixing can be achieved for all but the fastest reactions. Similarly, the accumulation of heat, formation of hot spots, and dangers of thermal runaways can be prevented. As a result of th… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
1
1
1
1

Citation Types

0
676
0
10

Year Published

2015
2015
2021
2021

Publication Types

Select...
5
2
1

Relationship

0
8

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 1,264 publications
(717 citation statements)
references
References 315 publications
0
676
0
10
Order By: Relevance
“…In this case, there is a rapid need for scale-up at different levels, from lab synthesis, to drug testing and approval, to commercialization, and continuous flow synthesis offers many advantages from this point of view. Furthermore, increased throughput allows a lower footprint and process intensification [18]. Some successful examples are rapidly summarised in the following.…”
Section: Fine Chemicals and Drugs Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…In this case, there is a rapid need for scale-up at different levels, from lab synthesis, to drug testing and approval, to commercialization, and continuous flow synthesis offers many advantages from this point of view. Furthermore, increased throughput allows a lower footprint and process intensification [18]. Some successful examples are rapidly summarised in the following.…”
Section: Fine Chemicals and Drugs Synthesismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the use of high temperatures may lead to safety issues if instable intermediates are involved, such as the case of azides, which rapidly decompose forming nitrogen. In spite of this, the synthesis of triazoles was accomplished at 210°C with excellent yield and improved productivity with respect to batch due to controlled conditions and residence time under flow [18]. Many different examples of Grignard reactions are summarised by Gutmann et al [18] as example of very fast and exothermal reactions, which take advantage of the improved heat transfer.…”
Section: Safety Issuesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The use of microreactors is especially interesting for fast and highly exothermic reactions (-ΔHR > 50 kJ/mol). 79 In batch, such reactions are typically conducted under sub-optimal reaction conditions, meaning that the reaction is cooled substantially to slow down the reaction kinetics and thus to minimize the concomitant heat generation (see discussion DaII).…”
Section: Heat Transport Phenomenamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…139 The small dimensions of a typical microreactor provide opportunities to process small amounts of hazardous material and, therefore, minimizes the risks associated with its handling. 79 The power of an explosion is proportional to the mass of the explosive mixture in the reactor with the power of 1/3. This directly explains why microreactors are inherently safe to use on a laboratory scale and to carry out explosive reaction conditions.…”
Section: Safety Aspectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Our ongoing efforts in this field 9 inspired us to summarize the difficulties concerning the integration of individually optimized chemical reactions into multistep systems, as well as common problems and their innovative solutions described in the recent literature [6][7][8][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] of API continuous flow synthesis, including analytics and purification methods.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%