Continuous Flow Techniques in Organic Synthesis

Jas, Gerhard; Kirschning, Andreas

doi:10.1002/chin.200412237

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Continuous‐flow systems have attracted considerable attention as a novel tool for catalytic organic synthesis, and enable to improve the reusability of the catalyst. Compared with traditional batch systems, the continuous‐flow systems provide some advantages, such as high operability, easy control of the reaction, automation, miniaturization, and scale up.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane reactor immobilized with palladium‐loaded polymer nanogel for continuous‐flow Suzuki coupling reaction

et al. 2014

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A catalytic membrane reactor, which was immobilized with palladium-loaded nanogel particles (NPs), was developed for continuous-flow Suzuki coupling reaction. Palladium-loaded membranes were prepared by immobilization of NPs, adsorption of palladium ions, and reduction into palladium(0). The presence of palladium in the membrane was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy; palladium aggregation was not observed. The catalytic activity of the membrane reactor in continuous-flow Suzuki coupling reaction was approximately double that of a comparable reactor in which palladium ions were directly adsorbed onto an aminated membrane. This was attributed to the formation of small palladium particles. The reusability in the continuous-flow system was higher than that in a batch system, and the palladium-loaded membrane reactor had high long-term stability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane reactor immobilized with palladium‐loaded polymer nanogel for continuous‐flow Suzuki coupling reaction

et al. 2014

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“…Combinatorial prototyping strategies have also allowed preparation of large libraries in single batch reactions [10]. Improvements to synthesizers, including continuous-flow and microwave-assisted techniques, have allowed ultra-rapid fabrication for high-throughput prototyping synthesis [11][12][13][14][15][16]. While these new tools have proven effective, they require expensive equipment or specialized fabrication tools.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Validation of a Frugal, Automated, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesizer

Kallmyer

Rider

Reuel

2020

Preprint

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Solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) has enabled widespread use of synthetic peptides in applications ranging from pharmaceuticals to materials science. The demand for synthetic peptides has driven recent efforts to produce automated SPPS synthesizers which utilize fluidhandling components common to chemistry laboratories to drive costs down to several thousand dollars. Herein, we describe the design and validation of a more 'frugal' SPPS synthesizer that uses inexpensive, consumer-grade fluid-handling components to achieve a prototype price point between US$300 and $600. We demonstrated functionality by preparing and characterizing peptides with a variety of distinct properties including binding functionality, nanoscale selfassembly, and oxidation-induced fluorescence. This system yielded micromoles of peptide at a cost of approximately $1/residue, a cost which may be further reduced by optimization and bulk purchasing.

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“…Indeed, the flow mode generally allows lowering the E-factor of a production process, by maintaining the catalyst active over large duration, by minimizing unproductive sequences and by reducing the waste/products ratio [16]. To design a truly green and industrially practicable process, the conversion of a batch process to a continuous flow process is often an essential step [17]. In the context of biocatalytic transamination, Andrade et al demonstrated the flow production of chiral amines using immobilized mutants of E. coli-designed to overexpress the desired transaminase [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioselective Transamination in Continuous Flow Mode with Transaminase Immobilized in a Macrocellular Silica Monolith

Biggelaar

Soumillion

Debecker

2017

Preprint

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ω-Transaminases have been immobilized on macrocellular silica monoliths and used as heterogeneous biocatalysts in a continuous flow mode enantioselective transamination reaction. The support was prepared by a sol-gel method based on emulsion templating. The enzyme was immobilized on the structured silica monoliths both by adsorption, and by covalent grafting using amino-functionalized silica monoliths and glutaraldehyde as a coupling agent. A simple reactor set-up based on the use of a heat-shrinkable Teflon tube is presented and successfully used for the continuous flow kinetic resolution of a chiral amine, 4-bromo-α-methylbenzylamine. The porous structure of the supports ensures effective mass transfer and the reactor works in the plug flow regime without preferential flow paths. When immobilized in the monolith and used in the flow reactor, transaminases retain their activity and their enantioselectivity. The solid biocatalyst is also shown to be stable both on stream and during storage. These essential features pave the way to the successful development of an environmentally friendly process for chiral amines production.

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Continuous Flow Techniques in Organic Synthesis

Abstract: For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Cited by 18 publications

References 1 publication

Membrane reactor immobilized with palladium‐loaded polymer nanogel for continuous‐flow Suzuki coupling reaction

Membrane reactor immobilized with palladium‐loaded polymer nanogel for continuous‐flow Suzuki coupling reaction

Design and Validation of a Frugal, Automated, Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesizer

Enantioselective Transamination in Continuous Flow Mode with Transaminase Immobilized in a Macrocellular Silica Monolith

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