Membrane reactor immobilized with palladium‐loaded polymer nanogel for continuous‐flow Suzuki coupling reaction

Abstract

A catalytic membrane reactor, which was immobilized with palladium-loaded nanogel particles (NPs), was developed for continuous-flow Suzuki coupling reaction. Palladium-loaded membranes were prepared by immobilization of NPs, adsorption of palladium ions, and reduction into palladium(0). The presence of palladium in the membrane was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy; palladium aggregation was not observed. The catalytic activity of the membrane reactor in continuous-flow Suzuki coupling reaction was approximately double that of a comparable reactor in which palladium ions were directly adsorbed onto an aminated membrane. This was attributed to the formation of small palladium particles. The reusability in the continuous-flow system was higher than that in a batch system, and the palladium-loaded membrane reactor had high long-term stability.

High catalytic efficiency of palladium nanoparticles immobilized in a polymer membrane containing poly(ionic liquid) in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction

“…Actually, the high reactivity of the catalytic membrane favors the chemoselectivity of the process. Interests on catalytic membranes have recently aroused [40,41] but the reaction times of those membranes for Suzuki coupling reactions are in the order of hours and catalyst leaching is produced. Our catalytic membrane herein reported is so efficient that the reaction is complete within seconds.…”

Palladium Nanoparticles within Core-Cross-Linked Polymer Gels for Suzuki Coupling Reactions: from Monomers to Ready-to-Use Catalysts in Two-Steps

“…1 Besides, it is imperative to take into account the mild conditions employed in this work. Suzuki couplings were conducted at 50 °C, and also for this reason a 4 h period was required to achieve an appropriate product yield (Table 3, entries [17][18][19][20]. Most often, such a kind of reaction is performed at 80 °C.…”

“…Indeed, Chen et al 14 and Zhang et al 13 formerly pointed out the use of CCS polymers as interfacial stabilizers, which affect colloidal systems to an extent intermediate between soluble polymers and colloidal particles. Previous studies by Seto et al 17,18 showed that the catalytic activity of palladium nanoparticles loaded in nanogels of amino-functionalized polymers was higher than that of bulk palladium, and that such systems can be used to devise continuous-flow Suzuki coupling reactors. Recently, da Costa et al 19 also noted that core-shell nanogels are attractive stabilizers and supports for catalytically active metallic nanoparticles by functioning as palladium reservoirs wherein the reaction takes place in a quasi-homogeneous fashion.…”

Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling in Continuous Flow

“…As examples, some works have been written recently in this field and are just quoted in this review for interested researchers wishing to gain deeper knowledge of the field [106][107][108].…”