Continuous electrical pumping membrane process for seawater lithium mining

Li, Zhen; Li, Chunyang; Liu, Xiaowei; Cao, Li; Li, Peipei; Wei, Ruicong; Li, Xiang; Guo, Dong; Huang, Kuo‐Wei; Lai, Zhiping

doi:10.1039/d1ee00354b

Cited by 131 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A second option would be for the cost of lithium extraction from ocean water to decline significantly. It is estimated that the oceans contain 6,000 times more lithium than on land, as it is the sixth most abundant dissolved metal ion in the oceans [304], and new research by Li et al [305], Zhang et al [306], Liu et al [307], and Tang et al [308] conclude that ocean extraction could become relatively cheap. Another source of ocean-related lithium extraction could be via brines of seawater desalination [309].…”

Section: Junne Et Al [221] Used the Scenarios Of Jacobson Et Al [13]mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

et al. 2022

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Research on 100% renewable energy systems is a relatively recent phenomenon. It was initiated in the mid-1970s, catalyzed by skyrocketing oil prices. Since the mid-2000s, it has quickly evolved into a prominent research field encompassing an expansive and growing number of research groups and organizations across the world. The main conclusion of most of these studies is that 100% renewables is feasible worldwide at low cost. Advanced concepts and methods now enable the field to chart realistic as well as cost-or resource-optimized and efficient transition pathways to a future without the use of fossil fuels. Such proposed pathways in turn, have helped spur 100% renewable energy policy targets and actions, leading to more research. In most transition pathways, solar energy and wind power increasingly emerge as the central pillars of a sustainable energy system combined with energy efficiency measures. Costoptimization modeling and greater resource availability tend to lead to higher solar photovoltaic shares, while emphasis on energy supply diversification tends to point to higher wind power contributions. Recent research has focused on the challenges and opportunities regarding grid congestion, energy storage, sector coupling, electrification of transport and industry implying power-to-X and hydrogen-to-X, and the inclusion of natural and technical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) approaches. The result is a holistic vision of the transition towards a net-negative greenhouse gas emissions economy that can limit global warming to 1.5˚C with a clearly defined carbon budget in a sustainable and cost-effective manner based on 100% renewable energy-industry-CDR systems. Initially, the field encountered very strong skepticism. Therefore, this paper also includes a response to major critiques against 100% renewable energy systems, and also discusses the institutional inertia that hampers adoption by the International Energy Agency and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as well as possible negative connections to community acceptance and energy justice. We conclude by discussing how this emergent research field can further progress to the benefit of society.

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Section: Junne Et Al [221] Used the Scenarios Of Jacobson Et Al [13]mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

et al. 2022

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“…Various industries, including batteries, pharmaceuticals and ceramics, need Li for their operations [54]. Global efforts are pursuing the acquisition of Li from seawater [90,91], although compared to FP, the concentration in seawater is orders of magnitudes lower. Alternatively, several other metals and critical minerals are also found in FP, including Co and Ni (refer to Table 1), which are also relevant for the manufacturing of batteries.…”

Section: Costs Associated With Produced Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Produced Water Treatment and Valorization: A Techno-Economical Review

Sanchez-Rosario

Hildenbrand

2022

Energies

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In recent years, environmental concerns have urged companies in the energy sector to modify their industrial activities to facilitate greater environmental stewardship. For example, the practice of unconventional oil and gas extraction has drawn the ire of regulators and various environmental groups due to its reliance on millions of barrels of fresh water—which is generally drawn from natural sources and public water supplies—for hydraulic fracturing well stimulation. Additionally, this process generates two substantial waste streams, which are collectively characterized as flowback and produced water. Whereas flowback water is comprised of various chemical additives that are used during hydraulic fracturing; produced water is a complex mixture of microbiota, inorganic and organic constituents derived from the petroliferous strata. This review will discuss the obstacles of managing and treating flowback and produced waters, concentrating on the hardest constituents to remove by current technologies and their effect on the environment if left untreated. Additionally, this work will address the opportunities associated with repurposing produced water for various applications as an alternative to subsurface injection, which has a number of environmental concerns. This review also uses lithium to evaluate the feasibility of extracting valuable metals from produced water using commercially available technologies.

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“…However, these concentrated basins are few in number nor easily accessible, and the extraction is both time and water consuming. As an alternative to the evaporitic technique, many processes have been proposed to harvest lithium from less concentrated and more widespread water resources such as wastewater and seawater [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In this case, the main issues in harvesting lithium reside in the fact that the compositions of these basins greatly differ, with lithium concentrations ranging from 0.17 ppm in the case of seawater to several hundred ppm in wastewater and brines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crown-Ether Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membrane for Lithium Recovery from Water

et al. 2022

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The massive worldwide transition of the transport sector to electric vehicles has dramatically increased the demand for lithium. Lithium recovery by means of ion sieves or supramolecular chemistry has been extensively studied in recent years as a viable alternative approach to the most common extraction processes. Graphene oxide (GO) has also already been proven to be an excellent candidate for water treatment and other membrane related applications. Herein, a nanocomposite 12-crown-4-ether functionalized GO membrane for lithium recovery by means of pressure filtration is proposed. GO flakes were via carbodiimide esterification, then a polymeric binder was added to improve the mechanical properties. The membrane was then obtained and tested on a polymeric support in a dead-end pressure setup under nitrogen gas to speed up the lithium recovery. Morphological and physico-chemical characterizations were carried out using pristine GO and functionalized GO membranes for comparison with the nanocomposite. The lithium selectivity was proven by both the conductance and ICP mass measurements on different sets of feed and stripping solutions filtrated (LiCl/HCl and other chloride salts/HCl). The membrane proposed showed promising properties in low concentrated solutions (7 mgLi/L) with an average lithium uptake of 5 mgLi/g in under half an hour of filtration time.

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Continuous electrical pumping membrane process for seawater lithium mining

Abstract: Seawater contains significantly larger quantities of lithium than is found on land, thereby providing an almost unlimited resource of lithium for meeting the rapid growth in demand for lithium batteries....

Cited by 131 publications

References 36 publications

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

On the History and Future of 100% Renewable Energy Systems Research

Produced Water Treatment and Valorization: A Techno-Economical Review

Crown-Ether Functionalized Graphene Oxide Membrane for Lithium Recovery from Water

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