Continued warming, salinification and oxygenation of the Greenland Sea
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Lauvset, Siv K.; Brakstad, Ailin; Våge, Kjetil; Olsen, Are; Jeansson, Emil; Mork, Kjell Arne

doi:10.1080/16000870.2018.1476434

Cited by 47 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The increase in MLD results from a higher upper-ocean density due to increasing salinity of the AW, tempered by the increasing temperature ( Fig. 5b, d), which is consistent with the findings of Lauvset et al (2018). Given the increase in ocean temperature in the upper 200 m layer in the MIZ from 1.3 • C in September 1993 to 1.8 • C in September 2016 together with an increase in the mean winter MLD from 130 m in 1993 to 180 m in 2016, we can make a rough estimate of the increase (over the 24 years) in the heat released by winter MLD in the MIZ:…”

Section: Interannual Variations In Water Temperature and Mld In The Msupporting

confidence: 90%

Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea

et al. 2020

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Abstract. This study explores a link between the long-term variations in the integral sea ice volume (SIV) in the Greenland Sea and oceanic processes. Using the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS, 1979–2016), we show that the increasing sea ice volume flux through Fram Strait goes in parallel with a decrease in SIV in the Greenland Sea. The overall SIV loss in the Greenland Sea is 113 km3 per decade, while the total SIV import through Fram Strait increases by 115 km3 per decade. An analysis of the ocean temperature and the mixed-layer depth (MLD) over the climatic mean area of the winter marginal sea ice zone (MIZ) revealed a doubling of the amount of the upper-ocean heat content available for the sea ice melt from 1993 to 2016. This increase alone can explain the SIV loss in the Greenland Sea over the 24-year study period, even when accounting for the increasing SIV flux from the Arctic. The increase in the oceanic heat content is found to be linked to an increase in temperature of the Atlantic Water along the main currents of the Nordic Seas, following an increase in the oceanic heat flux from the subtropical North Atlantic. We argue that the predominantly positive winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index during the 4 most recent decades, together with an intensification of the deep convection in the Greenland Sea, is responsible for the intensification of the cyclonic circulation pattern in the Nordic Seas, which results in the observed long-term variations in the SIV.

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Section: Interannual Variations In Water Temperature and Mld In The Msupporting

confidence: 90%

Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea

et al. 2020

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“…It has been reported that the ventilation strength and mixed layer depth in the Greenland Sea can be tied to the properties of AW entering the Norwegian Sea (Latarius and Quadfasel 2016;Lauvset et al 2018). In a recent study, Lozier et al (2019) argue that the conversion of warm and salty AW to cold and fresh overflow water in the Nordic seas is largely responsible for the overturning and its variability in the Atlantic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recent Warming and Freshening of the Norwegian Sea Observed by Argo Data

2019

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Climate variability in the Norwegian Sea, comprising the Norwegian and Lofoten Basins, was investigated based upon monthly estimates of ocean heat and freshwater contents using data from Argo floats during 2002–18. Both local air–sea exchange and advective processes were examined and quantified for monthly to interannual time scales. In the recent years, 2011–18, the Norwegian Sea experienced a decoupling of the temperature and salinity, with a simultaneous warming and freshening trend. This was mainly explained by two different processes; reduced ocean heat loss to the atmosphere and advection of fresher Atlantic water into the Norwegian Sea. The local air–sea heat fluxes are important in modifying the ocean heat content, although this relationship varied with time scale and basins. On time scales exceeding 4 months in the Lofoten Basin and 6 months in the Norwegian Basin, the air–sea heat flux explained half or even more of the local ocean heat content change. There were both a short-term and long-term response of the wind forcing on the ocean heat content. The monthly to seasonal response of increased southerly wind cooled and freshened the Norwegian Basin, due to eastward surface Ekman transport, and increased the influence of Arctic Water. However, after about a 1-yr delay the ocean warmed and became saltier due to an increased advection of Atlantic Water into the region. Increased westerly winds decreased the ocean heat content in both cases due to increased transport of Arctic Water into the Norwegian Sea.

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“…2.5 => 1.7 pH (×1000) 9.7 => 6.0 0.01). This can be ascribed to two cruises, 58GS20130717 and 58GS20160802, conducted in the Greenland Sea where an increasing presence of Arctic sourced deep waters generates changes in these properties (Blindheim and Rey, 2004;Lauvset et al, 2018;Olafsson and Olsen, 2010;Olsen et al, 2009) that have not been corrected for. The impact of northern variability on the final consistency estimate can be determined for the Atlantic Ocean by excluding all data north of 50 • N from the analysis.…”

Section: Unadjmentioning

confidence: 99%

GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2

Olsen

Lange

Key

et al. 2019

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface to bottom ocean biogeochemical data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of water samples. This update of GLODAPv2, v2.2019, adds data from 116 cruises to the previous version, extending its coverage in time from 2013 to 2017, while also adding some data from prior years. GLODAPv2.2019 includes measurements from more than 1.1 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 840 cruises. The data for the 12 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, and CCl4) have undergone extensive quality control, especially systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but updated to WOCE exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. These adjustments were derived by comparing the data from the 116 new cruises with the data from the 724 quality-controlled cruises of the GLODAPv2 data product. They correct for errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices, taking into account any known or likely time trends or variations. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH, and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The compilation also includes data for several other variables, such as isotopic tracers. These were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation and DOI codes are available in the Ocean Carbon Data System of NOAA NCEI (https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/GLODAPv2_2019/, last access: 17 September 2019). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/xnme-wr20 (Olsen et al., 2019). The product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data. These were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This paper documents the GLODAPv2.2019 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results.

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Continued warming, salinification and oxygenation of the Greenland Sea gyre

Cited by 47 publications

References 43 publications

Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea

Sea ice volume variability and water temperature in the Greenland Sea

Recent Warming and Freshening of the Norwegian Sea Observed by Argo Data

GLODAPv2.2019 – an update of GLODAPv2

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