“…The constructive BCO constructs a population of solutions from scratch in a number of constructive stages consisting of a number of constructive moves in a single iteration; while improvement BCO improves a given population of complete solutions in a number of improvement stages consisting of a number of improvement moves in a single iteration. Since its inception, BCOc has been successfully applied to solve many complex optimization problems in science and engineering (Teodorović and Dell'Orco, 2005;Teodorovic et al, 2006;Wong et al, 2008a;Wong et al, 2008b;Wong et al, 2009;Wong et al, 2010;Chaiyatham et al, 2009;Low et al, 2009;Zeng et al, 2010;Rahim et al, 2010;Arabnejad et al, 2011;Huang and Lin, 2011;Chaiyatham and Ngamroo, 2012;Davidović et al, 2012;Todorovic and Petrovic, 2013;Teodorović et al, 2013;Amador-Angulo and Castillo, 2014;Alzaqebah and Abdullah, 2015). Davidović et al (2011) observed that BCOc did not yield suitable solutions for benchmarked problems and investigated BCOi to obtain better solutions.…”