Abstract:a b s t r a c tLarge scale integration of wind power can be deterred by congestion following an outage that results in constrained network capacity. Post outage congestion can be mitigated by the application of event control strategies; however they may not always benefit large wind farms. This paper investigates this problem in detail and proposes an advanced mathematical framework to model network congestion as functions of stochastic limits of network assets to capture post contingency risk of network conge… Show more
“…The effectiveness per line with DLR also installed strongest at the first few lines to then level out. V. CONCLUSION The results presented in the previous sections have shown that a congested distribution system can present different results with the implementation of DLR compared with previous studies [17]- [19]. Due to the limits and constraints in OPF formulation, it is observed that limits other than thermal, such as voltage limits, are present in the system and can have a considerable impact on the results obtained.…”
Section: Influence Of the Number Of Dynamically Rated Linesmentioning
Dynamic rating is a technology which allows loading power lines above their rated limits. More often, dynamic rating is used to transport new power and connect additional generators to the grid using existing infrastructure. However, this study explores the possibility to use dynamic rating for improving the security of supply and assisting fast reconnection of disconnected customers during emergency and fault situations occurring at other lines. DLR allows improving power system reliability during emergency conditions using Optimal Power Flow (OPF), which additionally helps to minimize costs of system operation. Large costs involving investment for new infrastructure and penalties for interruptions in the power supply can be considerably reduced by implementing DLR. Also, DLR can improve the reliability of the system by providing real-time information on the status of power lines. Using Optimal Power Flow ensures that the lines loading, bus voltage magnitudes and angles as well as generation injections are within the acceptable limits as per the utility regulations. Faults are modelled as cases when one of the lines becomes disconnected. The bottlenecks in the system during post-fault situations are identified to determine optimal lines in the system on which DLR could be implemented.Index Terms-dynamic line rating, power system reliability, optimal power flow, security of supply
“…The effectiveness per line with DLR also installed strongest at the first few lines to then level out. V. CONCLUSION The results presented in the previous sections have shown that a congested distribution system can present different results with the implementation of DLR compared with previous studies [17]- [19]. Due to the limits and constraints in OPF formulation, it is observed that limits other than thermal, such as voltage limits, are present in the system and can have a considerable impact on the results obtained.…”
Section: Influence Of the Number Of Dynamically Rated Linesmentioning
Dynamic rating is a technology which allows loading power lines above their rated limits. More often, dynamic rating is used to transport new power and connect additional generators to the grid using existing infrastructure. However, this study explores the possibility to use dynamic rating for improving the security of supply and assisting fast reconnection of disconnected customers during emergency and fault situations occurring at other lines. DLR allows improving power system reliability during emergency conditions using Optimal Power Flow (OPF), which additionally helps to minimize costs of system operation. Large costs involving investment for new infrastructure and penalties for interruptions in the power supply can be considerably reduced by implementing DLR. Also, DLR can improve the reliability of the system by providing real-time information on the status of power lines. Using Optimal Power Flow ensures that the lines loading, bus voltage magnitudes and angles as well as generation injections are within the acceptable limits as per the utility regulations. Faults are modelled as cases when one of the lines becomes disconnected. The bottlenecks in the system during post-fault situations are identified to determine optimal lines in the system on which DLR could be implemented.Index Terms-dynamic line rating, power system reliability, optimal power flow, security of supply
Electric demand in the last few years has widely increased, especially in Iraq, where there is a significant difference between the generation and the load in almost all months of the year, particularly in the summer season. One of the important aspects where the operational engineers must take appropriate action in case of an unforeseen catastrophe is power system security. Consequently, the security of the power system depends on the contingency analysis. In order to investigate the impact of wind power on the contingency analysis, three wind farms (WFs) are selected based on the wind's speed availability in Iraq, which are Shaikh Saad, Al-Dujaili, and Al-Fajar. In addition, the wind speeds for these locations are analysed using the Weibull and Rayleigh probability density functions. In this regard, this paper studied and analysed the impact of integrating wind power on the operation of the 132 kV Iraqi grid systems (zone 18). The results show that when line outage contingencies occur (single- and double-line outages), the risk of power flow violations based on the MVA rating will be reduced when integrating wind energy with a 100% integration rate with the Iraqi grid system. Matlab, a programming language, and the Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSS/E) software (Version 32) are used to simulate the proposed approach of integrating wind power into the grid.
“…Banerjee et al [43] conducted a congestion prevention strategy during outage conditions of both N-1 and N-2 by DLR implementation in order to reduce wind power curtailment or re-dispatch. The operational cost minimization-oriented study in [43] defined a cost variable for DLR implementation as a constraint relaxation penalty apart from the other cost components regarding conventional generators based power production, wind power uncertainty and congestion. The mentioned study in [43] also considered the stochasticity of wind power production in the evaluation as a notable difference compared to many existing DLR based operational studies.…”
Section: Solely Dlr Based Operational Flexibilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The operational cost minimization-oriented study in [43] defined a cost variable for DLR implementation as a constraint relaxation penalty apart from the other cost components regarding conventional generators based power production, wind power uncertainty and congestion. The mentioned study in [43] also considered the stochasticity of wind power production in the evaluation as a notable difference compared to many existing DLR based operational studies. An interesting study considering also the stochasticity of wind power as well as the load demand, component availability and weather variables (wind speed, solar radiation, ambient temperature) leading to a stochastic DLR capacity as the overall resources of uncertainty in the system operation was portrayed in [44].…”
Section: Solely Dlr Based Operational Flexibilitymentioning
The need for flexibility in power system operation gradually increases regarding more renewable energy integration, load growth, etc., and the system operators already invest in this manner to enhance the power system operation. Besides, the power system has thermally sensitive assets such as lines, transformers, etc. that are normally operated under highly conservative static ratings. There is a growing trend in this regard to use the actual capacity of such assets dynamically under varying operating conditions leading to a dynamic thermal rating concept which is referred as dynamic line rating (DLR) approach specifically for lines. This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing perspectives on DLR and combination with other flexibility options from an operational point of view. Apart from the existing review studies more focused on implementation category of DLR concept, the concentration on more operational stage from the power system operation point of view leads the difference of this study compared to the mentioned studies. A categorization of the DLR implementation for either being sole or combined usage as a flexibility option is further realized. Besides, a geographically categorized analysis on existing practical evidence on DLR concept and implementations is also presented in this study.
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