Contextualizing certification and auditing: Soy certification and access of local communities to land and water in Brazil

Schilling‐Vacaflor, Almut; Lenschow, Andrea; Challies, Edward; Cotta, Benedetta; Newig, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105281

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A good part of the imported soya is directly handled and exported at the Port of Rotterdam or exported after having been processed. Moreover, despite the efforts of soya certification standards such as the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS), some report that these initiatives are not effective in "protecting the rights and access of local communities to land and water" [30].…”

Section: Sustainability Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review

2022

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The concept of circularity is currently proposed to address key sustainability issues affecting and affected by livestock production. Through a desk study, this paper evaluates some feed sources that are being developed in The Netherlands as an alternative to current feeds, namely food waste; seaweed; and localized production and alternative plant-based feed sources. These feed categories are evaluated according to four circularity criteria. The first two criteria concern standard circularity principles aimed at both stopping and preventing environmental damage as well as a focus on natural resources use efficiency: (1) Safeguard the health of ecosystems and (2) avoid the production of unnecessary products and use/recycle biomass effectively, as well as evaluating possible food–feed competition. In addition, two ‘people’ and ‘animal’ centred principles have been integrated: (3) fairness and accessibility and (4) animal health and wellbeing. The article concludes that people and animal centred principles are key to thinking of, developing, implementing, and evaluating circularity initiatives. Moreover, the article suggests that categories such as the local production of soya (approx. 132 ha) or seaweed (approx. 10–15 ha) are as yet irrelevant regarding production volumes within the Dutch context. However, some feed sources such as seaweed, insects, livestock leftovers produced at farms and abattoirs, and food waste might strengthen the transition towards more circular and sustainable practices.

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Section: Sustainability Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review

2022

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“…To the extent that the new agricultural and deforestation policies reach small farmers, it will be the punitive side of them. Local communities have lost access to land and water with the soy market initiatives (Schilling-Vaca-Flor et al 2021).…”

Section: Stage 3: Institutional and Political Disarray 2011-2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For soybeans, the agreement also reduced rates of deforestation for soy cultivation in the Amazon, but did so by pushing it to the Cerrado region (Lima et al 2019, Schilling-Vaca-Flor et al 2021. While far from classic climate institutions, the Soy and Beef Moratoria are arguably part of a broader polycentric understanding of climate institutions, and helped to compensate for the declining state role.…”

Section: Stage 3: Institutional and Political Disarray 2011-2021mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate institutions in Brazil: three decades of building and dismantling climate capacity

Hochstetler

2021

Environmental Politics

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What kinds of national climate institutions can solve the governance challenges that the Paris Agreement devolves to them? This article identifies three stages of climate institutions in Brazil, a major emitter of greenhouse gases through deforestation that managed to reduce such emissions for nearly a decade. It shows that a narrow definition of climate institutions that seeks purpose-built state institutions fails to capture important dynamics there, and that such institutions have little direct impact on outcomes. In Brazil's political landscape, national presidents exercise a decisive influence on their climate ambitions and capacities. However, positive and negative feedback loops also brought some effective climate action from the layering of climate purposes into existing institutions, as well as through non-traditional institutions like private governance arrangements for agriculture.

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“…Concretely, this means that soy farmers must be able to prove that they have set aside a portion of their property for conservation purposes and register the agricultural land and its legal reserve in the CAR. However, as the legal reserve does not necessarily need to be adjacent of the farmer's agricultural land, in practice many farmers declare to hold conservation areas in places that are used or inhabited by local communities and family farmers who often do not possess land titles, thereby contributing to the dispossession of vulnerable actors from their lands and livelihoods [16,46] (interview with Brazilian grassroots organization, 13 August 2018; interview with staff from Brazil's public prosecutor office, 17 August 2018). In turn, in many instances, displaced people end up at the settlement frontier, entering remaining forests, the land of Indigenous peoples or protected areas [48].…”

Section: Environmental and Human Rights Impacts And Their Interaction In Brazil's Soy And Beef Supply Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current governance arrangements have been insufficient to regulate global supply chains and to hold corporations accountable for their human rights and environmental performance beyond the borders of their home states [12][13][14]. There has been an absence of related international conventions or treaties and the shortcomings of private and voluntary approaches such as certification standards and corporate commitments have become ever more evident [15,16]. In turn, domestic policies in the producing countries have often been inappropriate for protecting the environment and human rights from the negative externalities of globalized business activities [6,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Human Rights and the Environment in Supply Chain Regulations

Schilling‐Vacaflor

2021

Sustainability

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To address the negative externalities associated with global trade, countries in the Global North have increasingly adopted supply chain regulations. While global supply chains cause or contribute to interconnected environmental and human rights impacts, I show that supply chain regulations often exclusively target one policy domain. Furthermore, an analysis of the first experiences with the implementation of the French Duty of Vigilance law, which covers and gives equal weight to environmental and human rights risks, reveals that the inclusion of environmental and human rights standards in legal norms is not sufficient to ensure policy integration. The empirical focus here is on the soy and beef supply chains from Brazil to the European Union (EU), and the findings rely on an analysis of legal norms and company reports, field research at producing sites in Brazil and semi-structured interviews with civil society, business and state actors. For analyzing the data, I draw on the literature on environmental policy integration (EPI) and apply a framework that distinguishes between institutional, political and cognitive factors to discuss advances and challenges for integrating human rights and the environment in sustainability governance. The study concludes that more integrated approaches for regulating global supply chains would be needed to enable ‘just sustainability’.

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Contextualizing certification and auditing: Soy certification and access of local communities to land and water in Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review

A Circularity Evaluation of New Feed Categories in The Netherlands—Squaring the Circle: A Review

Climate institutions in Brazil: three decades of building and dismantling climate capacity

Integrating Human Rights and the Environment in Supply Chain Regulations

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