Context Processing and Cognitive Control

Chiew, Kimberly S.; Braver, Todd S.

doi:10.1002/9781118920497.ch9

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…A second computation supported by PFC is the adaptive updating of patterns of neural activity by dynamically switching between active maintenance and rapid updating of new representations (Braver & Cohen, 2000; Chatham & Badre, 2015; Chatham, Frank, & Badre, 2014; Chiew & Braver, 2017; Cohen et al, 2002; Frank, Loughry, & O’Reilly, 2001; O’Reilly, 2006; Rougier et al, 2005). This computational process is thought to be supported by a selective, dopamine-modulated gating mechanism that controls the flow of information into PFC (Braver & Cohen, 2000; Chatham & Badre, 2015; Chatham et al, 2014; Chiew & Braver, 2017; Rougier et al, 2005). VMPFC is involved in switching from exploration to exploitation states, relevant to uncertainty in choice value outcomes (Domenech & Koechlin, 2015; Koechlin, 2016).…”

Section: Pfc Computations and Redefining Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ecological account of prefrontal cortex functional development.

Werchan

Amso

2017

Psychological Review

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In this paper, we argue that prefrontal cortex ontogenetic functional development is best understood through an ecological lens. We first begin by reviewing evidence supporting the existing consensus that PFC structural and functional development is protracted based on maturational constraints. We then examine recent findings from neuroimaging studies in infants, early life stress research, and connectomics that support the novel hypothesis that PFC functional development is driven by reciprocal processes of neural adaptation and niche construction. We discuss implications and predictions of this model for redefining the construct of executive functions and for informing typical and atypical child development. This ecological account of PFC functional development moves beyond descriptions of development that are characteristic of existing frameworks, and provides novel insights into the mechanisms of developmental change, including its catalysts and influences.

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Section: Pfc Computations and Redefining Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel ecological account of prefrontal cortex functional development.

Werchan

Amso

2017

Psychological Review

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“…Some studies on cognitive control have addressed the relationship between proactive and reactive mechanisms assuming a differential recruitment reflecting external demands. Other studies have viewed the two processes as opposite poles on a continuum (Chiew and Braver 2017). Admittedly, a general limitation of these studies is the difficulty to design paradigms capable of directly untangling the two processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contiguity of proactive and reactive inhibitory brain areas: a cognitive model based on ALE meta-analyses

Gavazzi

Giovannelli

Currò

et al. 2020

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Cognitive control is a critical feature in adapting our behavior to environmental and internal demands with two types of inhibition having been identified, namely the proactive and the reactive. Aiming to shed light on their respective neural correlates, we decided to focus on the cerebral activity before or after presentation of the target demanding a subject's stop as a way to separate the proactive from the reactive components associated with the tasks. Accordingly, we performed three Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of fMRI studies exploring proactive and reactive inhibitory phases of cognitive control. For this purpose, we searched for fMRI studies investigating brain activity preceding or following target stimuli. Eight studies (291 subjects, 101 foci) were identified for the proactive analysis. Five of these studies and those previously analyzed by others (348 subjects, 199 foci) were meta-analyzed to explore the neural correlates of reactive inhibition. Overall, our results showed different networks for the two inhibitory components. Notably, we observed a contiguity between areas in the right inferior frontal gyrus pertaining to proactive inhibition and in the right middle frontal gyrus regarding reactive inhibition. These neural correlates allow proposal of a new comprehensive model of cognitive control. Keywords Proactive inhibition. Cognitive control. Meta-analysis. Right inferior frontal Gyrus. Right middle frontal Gyrus High order processes such as decision making involve adaptive and flexible cognitive control. This adaptability provides the resources to modify planned responses and to appropriately react to ever-changing information from external stimuli and internal goals (Duque et al. 2017). Cognitive control operates through two inhibition mechanisms-proactive and reactive modes-depending on the time the action is withheld. Proactive inhibition may lead to specific response tendencies and concerns the process of preparing actions to achieve a current target by facilitating, if necessary, the suppression of the impending action (Aron 2011). The proactive process is a

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“…How do you accomplish this? The multiprocess theory of PM, which is a specific PM-focused implementation of the more general dual methods of cognitive control framework (DMC [5][6][7], describes two dissociable strategies: proactive control and reactive control 8,9 . Proactive control relies on working memory to remember the goal and external attention to monitor the environment for cues to act [9][10][11][12] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive flexibility improves memory for delayed intentions

Koslov¹,

Mukerji²,

Hedgpeth³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Cognitive control involves the allocation of cognitive resources in order to successfully navigate and interact with the world. Oftentimes, control involves balancing the demands brought on by performing immediately relevant tasks and those required in order to perform future intended actions. For example, directing attention towards navigating through traffic on a highway while also needing to remember to exit the freeway at a particular street. This ability to delay execution of a goal until the appropriate time in the future is referred to as prospective memory (PM). The dual mechanisms of cognitive control (DMC) framework posits that individuals can use two different strategies to remember an intended action: a proactive control strategy involving working memory maintenance of the goal and monitoring of the environment, or a reactive control strategy relying on timely retrieval of goal information from episodic memory. Previous research on prospective memory has demonstrated that performance improves when individuals engage these control strategies in accordance with the demands of the task environment. However, it is unclear how people select a control strategy, particularly in situations with dynamic task demands. We hypothesized that if people flexibly adapt their strategy in response to changes in the environment, this should facilitate prospective memory. Across two experiments, we asked participants to identify the reappearance of a picture target (a prospective memory intention) while at the same time performing an ongoing visual search task. The attentional demands of the ongoing task were manipulated to monotonically increase or decrease on a moment to moment basis. The selection of control strategies was identified using reaction time costs and neural measures of intention maintenance. Results showed that people fluidly modified control strategies, shifting towards proactive control when the attentional demands decreased, and shifting towards reactive control when attentional demands increased. Critically, these adaptive shifts in control strategy were associated with better prospective memory performance. These results demonstrate that fine-grained control of attention and memory resources serves an adaptive role for remembering to carry out future plans.

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Context Processing and Cognitive Control

Cited by 38 publications

References 107 publications

A novel ecological account of prefrontal cortex functional development.

A novel ecological account of prefrontal cortex functional development.

Contiguity of proactive and reactive inhibitory brain areas: a cognitive model based on ALE meta-analyses

Cognitive flexibility improves memory for delayed intentions

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