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Cognitive control is a critical feature in adapting our behavior to environmental and internal demands with two types of inhibition having been identified, namely the proactive and the reactive. Aiming to shed light on their respective neural correlates, we decided to focus on the cerebral activity before or after presentation of the target demanding a subject's stop as a way to separate the proactive from the reactive components associated with the tasks. Accordingly, we performed three Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analyses of fMRI studies exploring proactive and reactive inhibitory phases of cognitive control. For this purpose, we searched for fMRI studies investigating brain activity preceding or following target stimuli. Eight studies (291 subjects, 101 foci) were identified for the proactive analysis. Five of these studies and those previously analyzed by others (348 subjects, 199 foci) were meta-analyzed to explore the neural correlates of reactive inhibition. Overall, our results showed different networks for the two inhibitory components. Notably, we observed a contiguity between areas in the right inferior frontal gyrus pertaining to proactive inhibition and in the right middle frontal gyrus regarding reactive inhibition. These neural correlates allow proposal of a new comprehensive model of cognitive control. Keywords Proactive inhibition. Cognitive control. Meta-analysis. Right inferior frontal Gyrus. Right middle frontal Gyrus High order processes such as decision making involve adaptive and flexible cognitive control. This adaptability provides the resources to modify planned responses and to appropriately react to ever-changing information from external stimuli and internal goals (Duque et al. 2017). Cognitive control operates through two inhibition mechanisms-proactive and reactive modes-depending on the time the action is withheld. Proactive inhibition may lead to specific response tendencies and concerns the process of preparing actions to achieve a current target by facilitating, if necessary, the suppression of the impending action (Aron 2011). The proactive process is a

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