Context-dependent automatic processing in depression: Accessibility of negative constructs with regard to self but not others.

Bargh, John A.; Tota, Mary E.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.925

Cited by 205 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In other words, when adolescents try to conceal their identity and suppress their dominant self-concept, the dominant self-concept and its related thoughts may be in the state of deep activation. To examine this potential deep activation state of self-concept and related thoughts, we used a modified Stroop (1935) color-naming task (Mathews & Macleod, 1985) with imposed cognitive load, which has been widely adopted in previous studies on thought suppression, to assess the implicit activation of participants' self-concept by measuring the extent to which self-representation-related words influence performance on cognitive tasks (e.g., Bargh & Tota, 1988;Wegner & Erber, 1992).…”

Section: Accessibility Of Self-representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Psychol Rec

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Section: Accessibility Of Self-representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2011

Psychol Rec

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“…More specifically, studies of social judgment (e.g., Bargh & Tota, 1988) have indicated that frequently activated self-schemata can become chronically accessible over time. Frequently thinking about the self--a defining characteristic of high private self-consciousness--would correspond to frequently activating information about the self.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Private self-consciousness, self-awareness, and the reliability of self-reports.

Nasby

1989

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Two studies found that individuals high in private self-consciousness provide self-reports of greater reliability across time than individuals low in private self-consciousness. In addition, Study 2 found that a successful manipulation of self-awareness did not affect test-retest reliability of self-reports among Ss either high or low in private self-consciousness. The hypothesis that individuals high in private self-consciousness have articulated self-schemata of greater temporal stability than individuals low in private self-consciousness received support. The discussion considers (a) how private selfconsciousness, but not self-awareness, influenced test-retest reliability of self-reports, (b) how private self-consciousness and self-awareness may both influence, albeit differentially, the eriterionrelated validity of self-reports, and (c) the possibility that current models of self-consciousness-selfawareness require reformulation.Private self-consciousness (e.g., Fenigstein, scheier, & Buss, 1975), a cognitive style, denotes habitual attentiveness to or awareness of the self. Since Fenigstein et al. (1975) originally proposed the construct, research has examined numerous correlates of private self-consciousness, which Buss (1980), Carver and Scheier (1981), and scheier and Carver (1983) have reviewed.Not surprisingly, several correlates pertain to the processing of self-referent information. For example, individuals high in private self-consciousness (a) write more detailed self-descriptions (Turner, 1978b), (b) decide more quickly whether trait adjectives describe the self (Mueller, 1982;Turner, 1978c), (c) recall more self-referent material under conditions of incidental learning (Agatstein & Buchanan, 1984; Hull & Levy, 1979, Experiment 1;Turner, 1980), and (d) commit more false alarms to self-descriptive traits but fewer to non-self-descriptive traits during a recognition memory task (Nasby, 1985(Nasby, , 1989) than do individuals low in private self-consciousness.The previous studies have established relations between private self-consciousness and either the accuracy or the efficiency (e.g., speed, productivity) of processing self-referent information. Cognitive tasks that assess either accuracy or efficiency provide two means of inferring the degree to which an articulated schema has guided performance (e.g., Fiske & Taylor, 1984; Kihlstrom & Nasby, 1981;Nasby & Kihlstrom, 1986). Consequently, from the convergent results of the previous studies, several investigators (e.g., Agatstein & Buchanan, 1984;Nasby, 1985) have concluded that individuals high in private self-consciousness have articulated self-schemata (e.g., Kihlstrom & Cantor, 1983;Markus, 1980;Rogers, 1981) 950third means of inferring the degree to which an articulated schema has guided performance (e.g., Fiske & Taylor, 1984;Markus, 1977). Considering the relation between schematic articulation and response consistency, individuals high in private self-consciousness should also process self-referent information more consistently than do i...

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“…Prevailing theories have suggested that the self-concept may be understood as part of an associative, propositional network of nodes that resemble words (Bower & Gilligan, 1979;Markus, 1977;Bargh & Tota, 1988;Greenwald et al, 2002;Greenwald & Banaji, 1989;Greenwald & Pratkanis, 1984;Bower & Gilligan, 1979;Kihlstrom & Cantor, 1984). The self is conceived as a node in the network, with activation spreading to and from it.…”

Section: The Embodied Self-conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

The embodied self: Making a fist enhances men’s power-related self-conceptions

Schubert

Koole²

2009

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

103

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Context-dependent automatic processing in depression: Accessibility of negative constructs with regard to self but not others.

Abstract: We are grateful to Gordon Logan, Tory Higgins, and two anonymous reviewers for their extensive and valuable comments on an earlier version of this article. We also extend our appreciation to Concepcion Jusino, Jr., and Cathy LaFata for serving as the experimenters for the study.

Cited by 205 publications

References 60 publications

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

The Effects of Concealing Academic Achievement Information on Adolescents’ Self-Concept

Private self-consciousness, self-awareness, and the reliability of self-reports.

The embodied self: Making a fist enhances men’s power-related self-conceptions

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