Contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, minerals and total glucosinolates in leafy brassica pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> L. <i>chinensis</i>) as affected by season and variety

Hanson, Peter; Yang, Ray-Yu; Chang, Lien-chung; Ledesma, L.; Ledesma, Dolores

doi:10.1002/jsfa.3533

Cited by 55 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…These values are in line with the carotenoid concentrations of field-grown pak choi during the dry and wet season in Taiwan. 35 Indeed, our growth conditions matched the wet season in which total carotenoid levels ranging from 440 to 1110 ng mg −1 DM were reached. This result was unexpected since the photosynthetic active radiation in our experiments was quite low compared to field conditions with sunlight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course

Frede

Schreiner

Zrenner

et al. 2018

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered the future of greenhouse lighting. This study investigates the carotenoid concentrations of pak choi sprouts after growth under blue, red and white LEDs at six different time points. Furthermore, the diurnal changes of RNA transcripts of key genes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway as well as of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) gene and of the transcription factor genes elongated hypocotyl 5 (HY5) and circadian clock associated 1 (CCA1) were investigated. The carotenoid concentrations were steady throughout the day, but showed a small maximum in the afternoon. An average total carotenoid concentration of 536 ± 29 ng mg −1 DM produced under white LEDs was measured, which is comparable to previously described field-grown levels. The carotenoid concentrations were slightly lower under blue or red LEDs. Moreover, the diurnal RNA transcript rhythms of most of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes showed an increase during the light period, which can be correlated to the carotenoid maxima in the afternoon. Blue LEDs caused the highest transcriptional induction of biosynthetic genes as well as of CCD4, thereby indicating an increased flux through the pathway. In addition, the highest levels of HY5 transcripts and CCA1 transcripts were determined under blue LEDs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course

Frede

Schreiner

Zrenner

et al. 2018

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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“…communis) is a very important Brassica vegetable in East, Northeast, and Southeast Asia. It accounts for 30%-40% of the vegetable production area in China and is widely consumed because of its nutritional bioactive components such as folate, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, and GSs (Tay and Toxopeus, 1993;Podsedek, 2007;Hanson et al, 2009;Verkerk et al, 2009). Pak choi is harvested and consumed over a period lasting several weeks from the young seedling to the big shoot stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Bao-cheng

Yang

Zhu

2013

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Glucosinolates (GSs) play an important role in plant defense systems and human nutrition. We investigated the content and composition of GSs in the shoots and roots of seven cultivars of pak choi. We found that 'Si Yue Man' had the highest total and aliphatic GS contents in the shoots and the highest benzenic GS content in the roots, 'Shanghai Qing' contained the highest amounts of benzenic and total GS contents in the roots, while 'Nanjing Zhong Gan Bai' had the lowest benzenic, indole, and total GS contents in both the shoots and roots. Therefore, the 'Si Yue Man' cultivar appears to be a good candidate for future breeding. Variation between the shoots and roots was also examined, and a significant correlation among the total, aliphatic, and some individual GSs was found, which is of value in agricultural breeding. GS concentrations of the leaf, petiole, and root increased dramatically during the period of rapid growth of the dry matter of the plant 10 to 20 d after transplantation, reaching peak values on Day 20 and decreasing on Day 25. We conclude that the pak choi should be harvested and consumed from 20 to 25 d after transplantation to take advantages of the high GS content in the plant.

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“…On the other hand, mean β-carotene contents in Chinese broccoli collected in wet season is reported to be twice higher than those harvested in dry season [9]. Lower carotenoid contents in the wet season could possibly be due to reduced carotenoid synthesis under high temperatures or increased plant use of carotenoids as photo-protectants under high light intensities [17]. Currently, the carotenoids levels in some Asian leafy vegetables displayed in the Australian Nutrient Table (NUTTAB) are obtained from a 1984's study.…”

Section: Quantitation Of Asian Leafy Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lutein and β-Carotene in Selected Asian Leafy Vegetables

Chandra-Hioe¹,

Rahman²,

Arcot³

2017

J Food Chem Nanotechnol

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Carotenoids, such as lutein and β-carotene are generally recognized as antioxidants. However, only β-carotene has the pro-vitamin A activity. This study determined lutein and β-carotene in Asian leafy vegetables using reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The selected samples were Chinese mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugose), water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic), Chinese spinach (Amaranthus tricolor), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica parachinensis), Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea alboglabra) and Chinese white cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Carotenoids were extracted from samples into 5% (w/v) calcium carbonate and acetone. The extracts were then concentrated at 4 °C and filtered prior to HPLC analysis. The recoveries for β-carotene and lutein were 132% and 100%, respectively. The coefficient of variation for inter-variability study was < 3.8% and for intra-variability study < 11%. The range of β-carotene in the selected vegetables was 1974-6604 µg/100 g (wet weight basis), or 329-1101 µg/100 g retinol equivalent (RE). Measured lutein contents were between 694-5919 µg/100 g. Chinese broccoli had the highest pro-vitamin A activity (1101 µg RE per 100 g). The β-carotene data reported here was useful for estimating the pro-vitamin A intake from consuming the Asian leafy vegetables.

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Contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acid, minerals and total glucosinolates in leafy brassica pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. chinensis) as affected by season and variety

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course

Carotenoid biosynthesis of pak choi (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) sprouts grown under different light-emitting diodes during the diurnal course

Variation in glucosinolates in pak choi cultivars and various organs at different stages of vegetative growth during the harvest period

Lutein and β-Carotene in Selected Asian Leafy Vegetables

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