“…[13][14][15][16] Despite this variety of potential applications, a major impediment to the evolution of these devices into mainstream technological impact use has been the limited material options that restrict both the nature of structures that can be realized and their applications. Currently, the majority of these devices are manufactured from materials used in the semiconductor industry, such as metals, [17] semiconductors, [18][19][20] and glasses. [21,22] These materials were selected due to their electronic compatibility and mature processing; however, they are generally difficult to chemically functionalize for biological and chemical sensitivity, and also generally require organic solvents or thermal processing for device manufacture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐microfluidics: Biomaterials and Biomimetic Designs

Domachuk

et al. 2009

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Bio-microfluidics applies biomaterials and biologically inspired structural designs (biomimetics) to microfluidic devices. Microfluidics, the techniques for constraining fluids on the micrometer and sub-micrometer scale, offer applications ranging from lab-on-a-chip to optofluidics. Despite this wealth of applications, the design of typical microfluidic devices imparts relatively simple, laminar behavior on fluids and is realized using materials and techniques from silicon planar fabrication. On the other hand, highly complex microfluidic behavior is commonplace in nature, where fluids with nonlinear rheology flow through chaotic vasculature composed from a range of biopolymers. In this Review, the current state of bio-microfluidic materials, designs and applications are examined. Biopolymers enable bio-microfluidic devices with versatile functionalization chemistries, flexibility in fabrication, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric materials such as alginate, collagen, chitosan, and silk are being explored as bulk and film materials for bio-microfluidics. Hydrogels offer options for mechanically functional devices for microfluidic systems such as self-regulating valves, microlens arrays and drug release systems, vital for integrated bio-microfluidic devices. These devices including growth factor gradients to study cell responses, blood analysis, biomimetic capillary designs, and blood vessel tissue culture systems, as some recent examples of inroads in the field that should lead the way in a new generation of microfluidic devices for bio-related needs and applications. Perhaps one of the most intriguing directions for the future will be fully implantable microfluidic devices that will also integrate with existing vasculature and slowly degrade to fully recapitulate native tissue structure and function, yet serve critical interim functions, such as tissue maintenance, drug release, mechanical support, and cell delivery.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐microfluidics: Biomaterials and Biomimetic Designs

et al. 2009

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“…Many of the microvalves reported to date utilize the actuation of a flexible diaphragm to control flow. This actuation has been performed electrostatically [15], piezoelectrically [16], or thermopneumatically [17]. A microvalve targeting μGC integration has been reported [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

iGC2: an architecture for micro gas chromatographs utilizing integrated bi-directional pumps and multi-stage preconcentrators

Qin

Gianchandani²

2014

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This paper reports an integrated micro gas chromatography (μGC) architecture which utilizes a bi-directional micropump. Four integral components-the bi-directional Knudsen pump (KP2), a two-stage preconcentrator-focuser (PCF2), a separation column, and a gas detector-are integrated in a 4.3 cm 3 stack, forming a serial flow path. All four components are fabricated using the same three-mask process. Compared to the conventional approach used with multi-stage preconcentrators, in which valves are used to reverse flow between the sampling phase and the separation phase, this μGC architecture reduces the overall complexity. In this architecture, the vapors being sampled are drawn through the detector and column before reaching the PCF2. The microsystem operation is experimentally validated by quantitative analyses of benzene, toluene, and xylene vapors ranging in concentration from 43-1167 mg m −3 .

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“…In particular, sensitive and miniaturized flow sensor are beginning to be integrated in microreactors (Shin and Besser 2006;De Mas et al 2005), a new breed of silicon based devices devoted to handle small amount of reagents with strict temperature and pressure conditions. Miniaturized devices for multiple gas flow handling are being proposed also for the semiconductor industry (Henning et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A single chip, double channel thermal flow meter

2008

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The fabrication and experimental characterization\ud of a thermal flow meter, capable of detecting and\ud measuring two independent gas flows with a single chip, is\ud described. The innovative aspect of the sensor is the use of\ud a plastic adapter, thermally sealed to the chip, to convey\ud the gas flow only to the chip areas where the sensors are\ud located. The packaging approach allowed placing two\ud micrometric differential thermal anemometers, present on\ud 4 9 4 mm2 silicon chips, into distinct flow channels. The\ud reduced spacing between the sensing structures required\ud positioning of the latter on channel bends, introducing\ud sensitivity reduction and response asymmetries with\ud respect to single channel devices presented earlier. These\ud effects are explained using fluid-dynamic simulations

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Contents

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

Bio‐microfluidics: Biomaterials and Biomimetic Designs

Bio‐microfluidics: Biomaterials and Biomimetic Designs

iGC2: an architecture for micro gas chromatographs utilizing integrated bi-directional pumps and multi-stage preconcentrators

A single chip, double channel thermal flow meter

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