Content and Composition of Free Sterols and Free Fatty Alcohols in Jojoba Oil

Boven, Maurits Van; Daenens, P.; Maes, Katleen; Cokelaere, Marnix

doi:10.1021/jf960488g

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The primary phytosterol detected in JO was sitosterol (2.62 mg/g), which comprised 71% of the total phytosterol content. The phytosterol content of JO was in agreement with values reported by Van Boven et al [30]; and the phytosterol content of JO is within the range of most vegetable oils. The principle phytosterol found in SO was also sitosterol (2.09 mg/g), which represents 49% of the total content of phytosterol [31].…”

Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

et al. 2009

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The jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis L.) produces seeds that contain around 50 to 60 wt.% of inedible long-chain wax esters that are suitable as a potential feedstock for biodiesel (BD) production. Jojoba oil methyl esters (JME) were prepared from acid-catalyzed pretreated jojoba oil in order to evaluate important fuel properties of jojoba-based BD, including kinematic viscosity, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), acid value (AV), oxidative stability, and lubricity. A comparison was made with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and relevant BD fuel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. JME was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. The CP, PP, and CFPP of JME were −13°C, −16°C, and −14°C, respectively, which were superior to SME. The kinematic viscosity (40°C) of JME was 6.67 mm 2 /s, which was higher than observed for SME. Blends (B5 and B20) of JME in ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) were also evaluated for the aforementioned fuel properties and compared to an analogous set of blends of SME in ULSD and relevant petro diesel fuel standards such as ASTM D975 and D7467. JME blends in ULSD displayed improved low-temperature properties in comparison to neat ULSD and blends of SME in ULSD. In summary, jojoba oil has potential as an alternative, nonfood feedstock for BD production.

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Section: Fatty Acid Compositionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

et al. 2009

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“…Based on the retention times and mass spectra of authentic TMS alcohol samples, the peaks at 11.3 min and 14.2 min were identified as being due to trimethylsilylated eicosenol (C20 : 1) and docosenol (C22 : 1), respectively. Peaks at 8.5 min and 17.2 min were considerd to be due to trimethylsilylated octadecenol (C18 : 1) and tetracosenol (C24 : 1), respectively, from comparison of the mass spectra with the NIST 147 database and from the percentage abundance of fragment ions of octadecenol and tetracosenol determined in a previous report 5) , in which the existence of w9 unsaturated fatty alcohols in the jojoba wax esters was proved. The main trimethylsilylated alcohols in the isolated peak fractions corresponded to eicosenol (C20 : 1) in peaks 2 and 3 (Figs.…”

Section: Identification Of the Wax Estersmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Since it has been reported that the main components of jojoba oil are wax esters 2)῍4) and phytosterols are minor constituents 5) , we used as standard materials synthesized eicosenyl eicosenoate (a wax ester) and a vegetable sterol that is used as a food additive (phytosterols mixture). These standards were both dissolved in hexane at 1 mg/mL.…”

Section: Tlc Analysis Of Jojoba Waxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Constituents in Jojoba Wax Used as a Food Additive by LC/MS/MS

Tada

Jin²,

Sugimoto³

et al. 2005

Journal of the Food Hygienics Society of Japan

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Jojoba wax is a natural gum base used as a food additive in Japan, and is obtained from jojoba oil with a characteristically high melting point. Although the constituents of jojoba oil have been reported, the quality of jojoba wax used as a food additive has not yet been clarified. In order to evaluate its quality as a food additive and to obtain basic information useful for setting o$cial standards, we investigated the constituents and their concentrations in jojoba wax. LC/MS analysis of the jojoba wax showed six peaks with [MῌH] ῌ ions in the range from m/z 533.6 to 673.7 at intervals of m/z 28. After isolation of the components of the four main peaks by preparative LC/MS, the fatty acid and long chain alcohol moieties of the wax esters were analyzed by methanolysis and hydrolysis, followed by GC/MS. The results indicated that the main constituents in jojoba wax were various kinds of wax esters, namely eicosenyl octadecenoate (C20 : 1ῌC18 : 1) (I), eicosenyl eicosenoate (C20 : 1ῌC20 : 1) (II), docosenyl eicosenoate (C22 : 1ῌC20 : 1) (III), eicosenyl docosenoate (C20 : 1ῌC22 : 1) (IV) and tetracosenyl eiosenoate (C24 : 1ῌC20 : 1) (V). To confirm and quantify the wax esters in jojoba wax directly, LC/MS/MS analysis was performed. The product ions corresponding to the fatty acid moieties of the wax esters were observed, and by using the product ions derived from the protonated molecular ions of wax esters the fatty acid moieties were identified by MRM analysis. The concentrations of the wax esters I, II and III, in jojoba wax were 5.5, 21.4 and 37.8῍, respectively. In summary, we clarified the main constituents of jojoba wax and quantified the molecular species of the wax esters without hydrolysis by monitoring their product ions, using a LC/MS/MS system.

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“…The identification of the various compounds in the different unsaponifiable samples was achieved by comparison of their R f values with reference standards as described by Paganuzzi and Leoni (1979). Sterol fraction was silylilated according to Boven et al (1997). Bis, trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and trimethyl-chloro-silan were used for the sylilation procedure.…”

Section: Analytical Determinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate composition of Turkish sesame seeds and characterization of their oils

Ünal¹,

Yalçın²

2008

Grasas y Aceites

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RESUMEN Composición de semillas de sésamo de Turquía y caracterización de sus aceites.Se ha evaluado la composición proximal de cuatro variedades de semillas de sésamo de Turquía así como el aceite obtenido mediante extracción en frío con hexano (composición en ácidos grasos, triglicéridos y esteroles). Las composiciones medias de las semillas fueron similares para todas las muestras siendo los valores medios 4,40%, 4,41%, 21,00%, 54,26% para humedad, cenizas, proteínas y aceite, respectivamente. Los ácidos oleico y linoleico fueron los ácidos grasos mayoritarios mientras los ácidos palmítico y estearico fueron los principales ácidos saturados. Los triglicéridos mayoritarios, determinados mediante HPLC fueron LOL; LOO; PLO; LLL y OOO, suponiendo un 62,45% del porcentaje total de los triglicéridos. Los esteroles mayoritarios fueron β-sitosterol, campesterol, estigmasterol, y ⌬-5, avenasterol, identificándose también pequeñas cantidades de colesterol, clerosterol 5,24 estigmastedienol, ⌬-7 estigmastenol y avenasterol. PALABRAS -CLAVE: Aceite de sesamo -Acidos grasos -Esteroles -Semillas de sésamo turcas -Triglicéridos. SUMMARY Proximate composition of Turkish sesame seeds and characterization of their oils.A proximate composition of four varieties of Turkish sesame seeds (moisture, ash, protein, oil) was determined along with a characterization of their oils (fatty acids, triacylglycerols and desmethylsterols) The results of the proximate analysis showed the following contents: moisture, 4,40%; ash, 4,41%; protein, 21,00%; and oil, 54,26%. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acids while palmitic and stearic were the main saturated. The triacylglycerol composition of the sesame oil samples was determined by HPLC and LOL; LOO; PLO; LLL; OOO were the major triglycerides while triacylglycerols containing oleic and linoleic acyl residues comprize 62,45% of the total. The major desmethyl sterols found in sesame seed oils were β-sitosterol, campasterol, stigma-sterol, and ⌬-5, avenasterol. Small proportions of cholesterol, clerosterol 5,24 stigmastedienol, ⌬-7, stigmastenol and avenasterol were also identified.

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Content and Composition of Free Sterols and Free Fatty Alcohols in Jojoba Oil

Cited by 39 publications

References 12 publications

Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

Analysis of the Constituents in Jojoba Wax Used as a Food Additive by LC/MS/MS

Proximate composition of Turkish sesame seeds and characterization of their oils

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