Preparation and Evaluation of Jojoba Oil Methyl Esters as Biodiesel and as a Blend Component in Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

Abstract

The jojoba plant (Simmondsia chinensis L.) produces seeds that contain around 50 to 60 wt.% of inedible long-chain wax esters that are suitable as a potential feedstock for biodiesel (BD) production. Jojoba oil methyl esters (JME) were prepared from acid-catalyzed pretreated jojoba oil in order to evaluate important fuel properties of jojoba-based BD, including kinematic viscosity, cloud point (CP), pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), acid value (AV), oxidative stability, and lubricity. A comparison was made with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) and relevant BD fuel standards such as ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. JME was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. The CP, PP, and CFPP of JME were −13°C, −16°C, and −14°C, respectively, which were superior to SME. The kinematic viscosity (40°C) of JME was 6.67 mm 2 /s, which was higher than observed for SME. Blends (B5 and B20) of JME in ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) were also evaluated for the aforementioned fuel properties and compared to an analogous set of blends of SME in ULSD and relevant petro diesel fuel standards such as ASTM D975 and D7467. JME blends in ULSD displayed improved low-temperature properties in comparison to neat ULSD and blends of SME in ULSD. In summary, jojoba oil has potential as an alternative, nonfood feedstock for BD production.

A review on recent advancement in catalytic materials for biodiesel production

“…The detail fatty acid composition of the edible plant oils can be seen in Table 3 [5,18,19,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] and those for the non-edible plant oils are depicted in Table 4 [15,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

“…Furthermore, the long term use of plant oils as a fuel in the diesel engine could also cause severe problems, such as thickening and gelling of lubricating oil, and ring sticking; thus, resulting in incomplete combustion of fuel and increasing the exhaust smoke level [56,57]. Fatty acid composition profile of non-edible plant oils [15,27,28,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50].…”

Efficacy of specific gravity as a tool for prediction of biodiesel–petroleum diesel blend ratio

“…Proposed is an alternative approach in which easily determined fuel properties are leveraged to predict V BD . Several previous studies reported the fuel properties of biodiesel-petrodiesel blends, but none have used this data to determine V BD [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. Two studies developed blending equations for prediction of fuel properties from known V BD [21,22].…”

Avaliação Da Estabilidade Oxidativa De Biodiesel E Suas Misturas Com Diesel Através Da Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial Pressurizada (Pdsc)

“…Esse resultado é coerente com outros trabalhos que avaliaram a estabilidade oxidativa do biodiesel e suas misturas com o diesel através do PDSC [12,13].…”