Contemporary Assortment of Apple in Central Black Earth Region and Prospects of Gene Pool of All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding in Selection

Красова, Н. Г.; Галашева, А. М.; Korolyev, Е. Yu.

doi:10.30850/vrsn/2020/4/13-17

Cited by 3 publications

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“…Высокую устойчивость жизненно важных тканей коры и древесины проявили при моделировании температуры -38°С и -40°С новые иммунные к парше сорта селекции ВНИИСПК -'Ивановское', 'Здоровье' и 'Памяти Хитрово', а также иммунные триплоиды 'Александр Бойко', 'Рождественское', 'Академик Савельев', 'Вавиловское'. В про исхождении сорта 'Вавиловское' принимал участие старинный высокозимостойкий сорт народной селекции 'Скрыжапель' (Krasova, 2020).…”

Section: зимостойкость сортов яблониunclassified

“…Большая роль в повышении рентабельности насаждений яблони (Malus domestica Borkh. ), увеличении количества и качества продукции принадлежит сорту, соответствующему современным требованиям производства и потребителей (Savelyev, 2002;Sedov, 2011;Onischenko, Belous, 2019;Egorov et al, 2019;Krasova et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards

Красова

Ожерельева

Галашева

et al. 2022

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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Background. Competitive early-fruiting apple cultivars with high commercial and consumer qualities, resistant to unfavorable stressors, are required for successful horticulture development.Materials and methods. The study included apple cultivars developed by innovative methods using scab resistance donors (Rvi6) and diploid gamete donors. Foreign cultivars commercialized in the region were also used. Conventional variety testing techniques were applied. Fifteen cultivars released by the Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), 6 foreign cultivars, and one reference (‘Antonovka obyknovennaya’) were assessed.Results. Simulating damaging factors helped to identify good resistance of tissues and buds of domestically bred apple cultivars to early winter frosts. These cultivars survived a temperature decrease to –30°C without damage in early winter and without significant damage (no more than 2.0 pts) at –40°C in midwinter, including the scab-immune (Rvi6) cultivars ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’, and immune triploids (3×) ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Akademik Saveliev’ and ‘Vavilovskoye’. Bud damage in ‘Gala’ and ‘Ligol’ was stronger (2.5 pts) and increased to 3.0 pts under simulated temperatures down to –38°C and –40°C. ‘Gala’ showed the lowest resistance in midwinter. Early-fruiting cvs. ‘Blagodat’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Pamyat Hitrovo’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were identified. On average, triploids ‘Blagodat’ and ‘Patriot’, scab-immune ‘Afrodita’, ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Start’, and scab-immune triploid ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ significantly exceeded ‘Antonovka’ and other cultivars in yield. Conclusion. The new innovative winter cultivars developed at VNIISPK matched foreign cultivars in marketability and consumer qualities, while in scab resistance and adaptability they significantly exceeded most of them. ‘Akademik Saveliev’, ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Afrodita’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Prazdnichnoye’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ were recommended for intensive-type orchards.

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Section: зимостойкость сортов яблониunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards

Красова

Ожерельева

Галашева

et al. 2022

Trudy po prikladnoy botanike, genetike i selektsii

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“…Current intensification of horticulture is aimed at the dense placement of trees grown using low-growth clonal rootstocks, new cultivars and technologies that meet modern requirements and ensure the high profitability of production. The correct selection of cultivars that meet the modern requirements of production and consumers is of great importance in raising the profitability of apple plantations and increasing the quantity and quality of products [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Biological Assessment of VNIISPK Cultivars of Various Ploidy for the Zone of Temperate Continental Climate

Красова

Ожерельева

Галашева

et al. 2022

Plants

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Increasing the reliability of fruit crops in unstable weather conditions of a temperate continental climate has become particularly relevant. This research was carried out based on a bioresource collection from the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK BRC). Apple cultivars (diploids and triploids) of different maturation periods were studied. Triploid cultivars (3×) of summer maturation were developed using diploid gametes of the ‘Papirovka tetraploid’ cultivar as a donor (2-4-4-4×), triploids of winter maturation were developed using 13-6-106 (Suvorovetz: open pollination), and ‘Wealthy tetraploid’ (2-4-4-4×) or ‘Giant Spy’ (2-4-4-4×) were used as donors of diploid gametes. ‘Antonovka’ and ‘Melba’ were taken as control cultivars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the apple breeding cultivars according to the main economic and biological indicators and to determine the threshold of resistance to unfavorable conditions of the winter period for possible cultivation in specific conditions of a temperate continental climate. As a result of using the method of modeling damaging factors, apple cultivars that withstood not only the critical temperatures of January, but also especially dangerous frosts after thaws at the end of winter were identified, with the stability of vital tissues at the level of ‘Antonovka’ (a control cultivar), scab immune cultivars (RVi6) ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Zdorovie’ and ‘Pamyati Hitrovo’, and immune triploids (3×) ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, Rozhdestvenskoye’ and ‘Academic Saveliev’. During the whole winter, the winter resistance of summer scab immune triploids, ‘Zhilinskoye’, ‘Maslovskoye’, ‘Yablochny Spas’ and ‘Spasskoye’, was at the level of ‘Antonovka’, but was higher than ‘Melba’. The high precocity of scab-immune cultivars, ’Afrodita’, ‘Ivanovskoye’, ‘Veniaminovskoye’, and ‘Yubiley Moskvy’, and triploids ‘Patriot’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’, have been identified. Triploid cultivars are superior to diploid cultivars and control ‘Antonovka’ in fruit size. According to the complex of characteristics, promising apple cultivars were identified for planting in intensive orchards of the temperate continental climate zones, namely ‘Avgusta’ and ‘Solnyshko’ (summer cultivars), and ‘Aleksandr Boyko’, ‘Vavilovskoye’, ‘Venyaminovskoye’, ‘Ivanovskoye’ and ‘Rozhdestvenskoye’ (winter cultivars).

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Current trends and prospects of apple breeding (<i>Malus</i> Mill) in Russia: review

Feshchenko

2023

Plodovodstvo i âgodovodstvo Rossii

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In the Russian Federation, 506 varieties of apple trees are approved for use (10 included in 2023) with different periods of consumer ripeness of the fruit. The activities of breeding institutions have made it possible to improve the assortment of apple trees, while it is necessary to obtain new varieties of apple trees with a complex of adaptive traits and commercial and consumer qualities of fruits that ensure stable fruiting, productivity in unstable climatic conditions, as well as a long period of post-harvest storage of fruits; and, accordingly, determining the profitability of using these varieties in production plantings. In accordance with the increasing requirements for varieties, new breeding achievements must surpass previous analogues in a set of valuable breeding traits, which confirms the need to improve breeding programs. The key areas of apple tree selection are increasing winter hardiness, drought resistance, disease resistance, improving the biochemical composition and shelf life of the fruit, and columnar crown shape. Intensification of the selection process is necessary to reduce the time to obtain a new variety and its production development; in connection with this, marker-mediated selection is a promising direction for accelerating the selection process. The review article presents data on the work of scientific institutions where apple tree selection is carried out. The results of many years of work by leading research organizations of the Russian Federation in the field of apple breeding are covered. Data on scientific institutions, depending on their territorial location, are sorted by regions of admission of the State Register of Selection Achievements approved for use. The results of many years of work of leading research organizations, the main directions of apple breeding are covered, data on the use of modern methods for studying breeding material in research institutions are provided, and approaches to the early selection of economically valuable genotypes are presented. The analytical review is supplemented with information on ways to expand the genetic variability of hybrid offspring. The creation of varieties with a high level of adaptability, commercial and consumer characteristics of fruits will contribute to the further improvement of the apple tree assortment in the Russian Federation.

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Contemporary Assortment of Apple in Central Black Earth Region and Prospects of Gene Pool of All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding in Selection

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards

Assessment of adaptability and fruit quality in new apple cultivars for intensive orchards

Production and Biological Assessment of VNIISPK Cultivars of Various Ploidy for the Zone of Temperate Continental Climate

Current trends and prospects of apple breeding (<i>Malus</i> Mill) in Russia: review

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