Contemporary All-ceramic Materials – Part 1

Abstract

Over the past 35 years, multiple types of all-ceramic materials have been introduced as an ideal alternative for metal-fused to ceramic. This review covers state-of-the-art development of all-ceramic systems in terms of history, material composition, fabrication technologies, and structural and strength properties. These materials are proved to be ideal in terms of mechanical properties and biocompatibility, making metal-free ceramic restorations a realistic clinical alternative for conventional metal-fused-to ceramic.

Ten-year survival of pressed, acid-etched e.max lithium disilicate monolithic and bilayered complete-coverage restorations: Performance and outcomes as a function of tooth position and age

“…Monolithic complete-coverage restorations were used almost exclusively on posterior teeth to avoid chipping of a veneer, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] as esthetics was not considered critical. In this study, bilayered lithium disilicate complete-coverage restorations on anterior teeth outperformed monolithic complete-coverage restorations on posterior teeth.…”

“…The physical properties of lithium disilicate are better than those of feldspathic porcelains. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The effect that flaws in lithium disilicate or luting agent spaces have on physiologic aging, abrasives, wear and surface roughness, fracture potential, and tensile strength has been tested. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, in vitro experiments may not provide the necessary information for clinicians.…”

Zirconia changes after grinding and regeneration firing

“…In dentistry, zirconia is used for crowns and metalfree partial fixed dental prostheses, [10][11][12] implants and abutments, [13][14][15][16] and orthodontic brackets. 17 Crowns and partial fixed dental prostheses are obtained by using a computer-aided design and computer-aided machining (CAD-CAM) technology, the precision of which has improved but which has not eliminated the need for some laboratory and intraoral adjustments.…”

Advancements in all-ceramics for dental restorations and their effect on the wear of opposing dentition

“…Advancements have been made to re-enforce these materials with crystalline materials. [18] The complete classification ceramics used in dentistry are outlined in Table 1. [19] A brief description of these materials is described below.…”