Contamination of public parks and squares from Guarulhos (São Paulo State, Brazil ) by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp.

Marques, Jacó Pereira; Guimarães, Catarina de Rezende; Boas, Ailton Vilas; Carnaúba, Paulo Usignolo; Moraes, Josué de

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652012000500006

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…in 7.7% (10/130). Our results were also similar to other studies conducted in Canoinhas (PEDRASSANI et al, 2008); Duque de Caxias (BRENER et al, 2008); Guarulhos (MARQUES et al, 2012) and Lavras (THOMÉ et al, 2009). So far, there have not been any records in Paraná of the presence of any parasites belonging to the superfamilies Ascaroidea and Strongyloidea ( Toxocara or Ancylostoma, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In a study done in Fernandopólis, São Paulo, 60% (27/45) of the samples from sand obtained from school sandboxes and public areas were positive (CASSENOTE et al, 2011). In a study done in Guarulhos, São Paulo, 74.5% (35/47) of the areas analyzed were positive for geohelminths (MARQUES et al, 2012). Similar values were obtained from previous studies conducted in Brazil (SPÓSITO; VIOL, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Geohelminth contamination of public areas and epidemiological risk factors in Curitiba, Brazil

Sprenger

Green

Molento

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aimed to investigate the frequency of geohelminthic contamination of public parks and squares in Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil, between August and December 2010. A total of 345 samples were collected from 69 sandboxes in different areas and were tested using the Faust, Lutz and Baermann parasitological techniques. Potential risk factors associated with soil contamination were also analyzed. A total of 36% of the samples (124/345) were positive for helminths and 65.2% of the areas (45/69) were classified as contaminated in one or more samples. The most commonly identified parasite eggs were Ancylostoma sp. (14.5%; 50/345); followed by Toxocara sp. (9.6%; 33/345) and the Strongyloidea superfamily (excluding hookworms) (2.3%; 8/345). The analysis on the epidemiological risk factors indicated that the presence of dogs and feces in the sandboxes increased the chances of contamination of the site. Use of fences had a protective positive impact that reduced soil contamination. Health education programs should be applied within the community to minimize the risk of human contact with dogs' feces. Use of fencing in these areas is highly recommended to prevent or reduce the users' contact with animal excrement.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Geohelminth contamination of public areas and epidemiological risk factors in Curitiba, Brazil

Sprenger

Green

Molento

2014

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…The frequency of detecting Toxocara spp. in the samples from public areas was 68.1 % in São Paulo State, Brazil (Marques et al 2012). There are conflicting data on seasonal fluctuation of Toxocara eggs in parks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs and seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children of northeastern Poland

et al. 2015

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Toxocariasis is a worldwide distributed zoonotic disease. Soil contaminated with Toxocara eggs appears to be the main source of infection for humans. The aim of our study was to estimate the environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs in public areas in northeastern Poland followed by the assessment of seroprevalence of toxocariasis in the children's population inhabiting the areas. A total of 168 soil samples were collected in June and September from public areas, and 28 from patients' residences. They were all examined for Toxocara eggs using the centrifugal flotation technique. Two-step serological tests comprising enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) were performed in 190 children aged 2-17 without any symptoms of toxocariasis. The positive samples accounted for 36 and 32 % in the urban area, 39 and 18 % in the suburbs, and 39 and 46 % in parks, for June and September, respectively. All the sites located near the patients' residences with confirmed persistent toxocariasis were found contaminated with Toxocara eggs. A significant drop in the mean number of eggs was noted in the suburbs after summer (0.64 vs 0.18, p < 0.05). High and constant contamination was documented in soil from urban sandboxes and parks. The overall seroprevalence in children tested for toxocariasis was 4.2 % as determined by ELISA and WB (3.0 % in preschool children and 7.7 % in school children). The current study revealed high contamination of public areas in northeastern Poland with Toxocara eggs as well as marked seroprevalence in asymptomatic children. There is an urgent need to introduce and promote preventive health measures to limit spread of toxocariasis.

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“…Multi-level biological response indicators that exceed the values recorded in conserved mangrove areas (Juréia and Cananéia) may be considered abnormal and indicative of local anthropogenic disturbances. Thus, it is possible to confirm the existence of genetic, physiological, and population impacts on the uçá crab in 66.6% of the mangroves located in São Paulo, which is Brazil's most industrialized area and the region with the greatest human density in the country (Marques et al, 2012). This situation could be reversed through environmental monitoring (Theodore and Dupont, 2012), with or without quantifying the accumulation of pollutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-level biological responses in Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Brachyura, Ucididae) as indicators of conservation status in mangrove areas from the western atlantic

Duarte

Souza

Nobre

et al. 2016

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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There is a global lack of knowledge on tropical ecotoxicology, particularly in terms of mangrove areas. These areas often serve as nurseries or homes for several animal species, including Ucides cordatus (the uçá crab). This species is widely distributed, is part of the diet of human coastal communities, and is considered to be a sentinel species due to its sensitivity to toxic xenobiotics in natural environments. Sublethal damages to benthic populations reveal pre-pathological conditions, but discussions of the implications are scarce in the literature. In Brazil, the state of São Paulo offers an interesting scenario for ecotoxicology and population studies: it is easy to distinguish between mangroves that are well preserved and those which are significantly impacted by human activity. The objectives of this study were to provide the normal baseline values for the frequency of Micronucleated cells (MN‰) and for neutral red retention time (NRRT) in U. cordatus at pristine locations, as well to indicate the conservation status of different mangrove areas using a multi-level biological response approach in which these biomarkers and population indicators (condition factor and crab density) are applied in relation to environmental quality indicators (determined via information in the literature and solid waste volume). A mangrove area with no effects of impact (areas of reference or pristine areas) presented a mean value of MN‰<3 and NRRT>120min, values which were assumed as baseline values representing genetic and physiological normality. A significant correlation was found between NRRT and MN, with both showing similar and effective results for distinguishing between different mangrove areas according to conservation status. Furthermore, crab density was lower in more impacted mangrove areas, a finding which also reflects the effects of sublethal damage; this finding was not determined by condition factor measurements. Multi-level biological responses were able to reflect the conservation status of the mangrove areas studied using information on guideline values of MN‰, NRRT, and density of the uçá crab in order to categorize three levels of human impacts in mangrove areas: PNI (probable null impact); PLI (probable low impact); and PHI (probable high impact). Results confirm the success of U. cordatus species' multi-level biological responses in diagnosing threats to mangrove areas. Therefore, this species represents an effective tool in studies on mangrove conservation statuses in the Western Atlantic.

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Contamination of public parks and squares from Guarulhos (São Paulo State, Brazil ) by Toxocara spp. and Ancylostoma spp.

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

Geohelminth contamination of public areas and epidemiological risk factors in Curitiba, Brazil

Geohelminth contamination of public areas and epidemiological risk factors in Curitiba, Brazil

Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs and seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children of northeastern Poland

Multi-level biological responses in Ucides cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Brachyura, Ucididae) as indicators of conservation status in mangrove areas from the western atlantic

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