Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs and seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children of northeastern Poland

Kroteń, Anna; Toczyłowski, Kacper; Kiziewicz, Bożena; Ołdak, E; Sulik, Artur

doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4736-0

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Toxocara contamination prevalence varied over the course of the year, infection rate may vary depending on the season. 18,19 In this study the prevalence of Toxocara eggs detection in soil carried with seasons with higher prevalence in spring (37.2%), autumn (32.6%), In agreement with Some researchers who noticed that the presence of Toxocara eggs in sandpits located in Japan public parks, reporting a higher prevalence of eggs recovering during the autumn, spring and early summer. 20 In addition to in other countries, the highest egg prevalence have detected in these seasons 21,22 ) which is may be connected with the reproductive period of the definitive hosts in these seasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks soils in different seasons, from 2017 to 2018, Tehran Province, Iran

Raissi

Saber

Zibaei

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background and objectives: Toxocariasis is one of the most important pathogens transmitted to humans through the soil. Temperature 12-37°C provides the best conditions for infecting eggs to be transmitted to humans, dogs, and other hosts. This study is preliminary in order to detect Toxocara eggs in public park soils and to study the correlation between seasons and climate variation with contamination rate. Methodology: A total of 1132 soil samples were collected over the course of the year, from 11 major parks. A centrifugal-floatation technique with the utilization of saturated sodium nitrate solution was used to examine the soil samples to recover Toxocara spp eggs. Results: Out of 1132 samples collected from public park soils, 129 (11.39%) samples were positive for Toxocara spp eggs, Laleh Park in south part showed the highest contamination rate. Contamination rate varied according to the site of parks, location with the highest rate in the south followed by center and the prevalence of eggs is high in spring and autumn without significant association. The prevalence of Toxocara spp eggs in soil associated significantly with Average temperature and rainfall (P = 0.04, 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: According to our study findings, soils of the public parks in Tehran showed as one of the main sites for contamination with Toxocara spp eggs. The prevalence of soil contamination varied according to a climate of different seasons, spring and autumn climate such as temperature and rainfall rate were considered as optimal condition for eggs development and to survive.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparison of the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks soils in different seasons, from 2017 to 2018, Tehran Province, Iran

Raissi

Saber

Zibaei

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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“…Similarly, the number of Toxocara eggs per sandpit sample was elevated from December to June, and highest numbers of infective Toxocara eggs were again found in January and February. Higher percentages of Toxocara contamination of playgrounds and public parks in winter and spring than in summer and autumn were also reported in other studies from Europe [23, 26], demonstrating a general pattern underlying this observation. Survival and development of Toxocara eggs depend on temperature, humidity and sunshine exposure [27, 28].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Such range is comparable to current contamination rates found in Belgium and Poland [22, 23]. By contrast, Horn et al [12], who used a similar egg detection method, found 55.8% of Hanoverian playgrounds to be contaminated with Toxocara eggs in August 1985.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 75%

Seasonal variation in the prevalence of Toxocara eggs on children’s playgrounds in the city of Hanover, Germany

2017

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BackgroundRoundworms of the genus Toxocara are worldwide distributed zoonotic parasites of carnivores. Based on case numbers and the potential impact on human health, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) categorised toxocarosis as one of the most important neglected parasitic diseases. As contact with contaminated soil, e.g. in sandpits, is considered the primary transmission route, data on playground contamination are needed to assess infection risk for children. Here, playground contamination rates and their seasonal variation in the city of Hanover, Germany, were investigated.MethodsSand samples were collected monthly over a 12-month period on 46 playgrounds in the city of Hanover, Germany. In total, 1,362 samples were examined for Toxocara eggs and analysed statistically for seasonal influences on potential infection risk.ResultsContamination rates ranged from 6.5% (3/46) Toxocara positive sandpits in September to 41.3% (19/46) in February, while contamination with infective embryonated eggs varied between 2.2% (1/46) and 23.9% (11/46). Compared to September, the month with the lowest contamination rate, significantly more sandpits were positive for Toxocara eggs from January to August and in October, while the prevalence of infective Toxocara eggs was significantly increased only in January and February. Regarding egg numbers, significantly higher total counts were observed in October and from December to June, while infective egg counts were significantly increased only in January, February and April.ConclusionsCompared to data from 1985, contamination rates have dropped from 55.8% to an average of 23.2% in 2011. Even though the observed egg numbers indicate a moderate to low general infection risk, the potential risk to single individuals should not be underestimated, as highly contaminated spots may occur infrequently and independent of season.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2193-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The WB-confirmed Toxocara spp. seroprevalence in children was higher than a similarly confirmed estimate from children from Poland (4.2%, p < 0.001) [ 49 ]. Toxocara spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Serological Evidence of Exposure to Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasites in the Estonian Population

et al. 2016

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We investigated Estonian population and its selected subgroups for serological evidence of exposure to Ascaris lumbricoides, Echinococcus spp., Taenia solium, Toxocara canis, Toxoplasma gondii, and Trichinella spiralis. Serum samples from 999 adults representing general population, 248 children aged 14–18, 158 veterinarians, 375 animal caretakers, and 144 hunters were tested for specific immunoglobulin G antibodies against the selected parasites using commercial enzyme immunoassays (ELISA). Sera yielding positive or twice grey zone Echinococcus spp, T. solium, T. canis, and T. spiralis results were subjected to western blot (WB) analysis. In the general population, based on the ELISA results, the A. lumbricoides seroprevalence was 12.7%, Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was 3.3%, T. solium seroprevalence was 0.7%, T. canis seroprevalence was 12.1%, T. gondii seroprevalence was 55.8%, and T. spiralis seroprevalence was 3.1%. Ascaris lumbricoides seroprevalences were higher in children and in animal caretakers than in the general population, and T. canis seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers than in the general population. Compared with the general population, Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was higher in children. By contrast, T. gondii seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers, and lower in children, than in the general population. In the general population, the WB-confirmed Echinococcus spp. seroprevalence was 0.5%, T. solium cysticercosis seroprevalence was 0.0%, Toxocara spp. seroprevalence was 14.5%, and Trichinella spp. seroprevalence was 2.7%. WB-confirmed Toxocara spp. seroprevalence was higher in animal caretakers than in the general population. We found serological evidence of exposure to zoonotic parasites in all tested groups. This calls for higher awareness of zoonotic parasitic infections in Estonia.

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Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs and seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children of northeastern Poland

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Comparison of the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks soils in different seasons, from 2017 to 2018, Tehran Province, Iran

Comparison of the prevalence of Toxocara spp. eggs in public parks soils in different seasons, from 2017 to 2018, Tehran Province, Iran

Seasonal variation in the prevalence of Toxocara eggs on children’s playgrounds in the city of Hanover, Germany

Serological Evidence of Exposure to Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasites in the Estonian Population

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