Contamination of multi-use closed tracheal suction catheters: an in-vitro study

Webb, C. H.; Hogg, G. M.

doi:10.1016/0195-6701(95)90069-1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The logistic regression analysis reveals that blister and constipation are important features of laboratory-confirmed HFMD. These features may be correlated with HFMD because they may occur as a result of enterovirus infections [ 30 ]. However, blisters and/or constipation are not specific to HFMD because they must appear in combination with rash, fever, and so on [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features for Mild Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China

et al. 2015

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BackgroundMild hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is at a critical stage owing to its ease of communicability and a higher risk of developing severe complications and death. Clinical diagnosis of mild HFMD was made by the presenting symptoms and signs (symptoms in brief) alone. We aim to evaluate the frequencies of symptoms in a retrospective case series study.MethodsWe collected epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from outpatient and inpatient settings on the clinical data warehouse system. We principally described the frequencies of symptoms of mild HFMD. Correlations between symptoms with laboratory-confirmed cases were then analyzed.ResultsThe clinical data warehouse system included 3649 probable cases, between 2010 and 2012, of which 956 (26.20%) were laboratory confirmed. The peak incidence was identified in children 2 years of age. A total of 370 of the 956 laboratory confirmed cases (38.70%) were associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for geographical variables, age, sex, month of onset, and time from onset to diagnosis showed that the clinical features constipation (P<0.0001; adjusted OR, 95%CI (2.99, 2.28–3.91)), and blisters (P<0.0001; adjusted OR, 95%CI (2.16, 1.82–2.56)) were positively correlated with the confirmed cases.ConclusionsThis is the largest case series study, including all the guideline-mentioned symptoms of mild HFMD. Our findings suggest that blisters and constipation should be considered as potential warning signs while front-line clinicians manage surges of children diagnosed with mild HFMD during a pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Features for Mild Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in China

et al. 2015

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“…It was originally developed to distinguish between catheter contamination and an infection of the central line. It has been used extensively since that time [16,28,29].Although the diagnostic reliabilities of the Maki method and the quantitative tip culture are identical [30], the Maki method is more rapid to perform. We gave special attention to the outside of the proximal catheter segments because these parts have close contact with the tracheobronchial mucosa of the patients during the suction process and only the outside of the plastic catheter is cleaned by the mechanical force of the PEEP seal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For semi-quantitative analysis, a modified Maki method [15] was used.This method was originally developed to distinguish intravenous catheter infection from colonization. It was used in 1995 by Webb et al [16] to determine the colonization of CISC after in vitro contamination with several pathogens. The catheter pieces were rolled on Columbia agar plates containing 5% defibrinated sheep blood and incubated over night at 37 °C.…”

Section: Bacterial Growth and Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna Analysmentioning

confidence: 99%