Contamination of breast milk obtained by manual expression and breast pumps in mothers of very low birthweight infants

Ny, Boo; Nordiah, A.J.; Hanafiah, Alfizah; Nor-Rohaini, A.H.; Lim, Victor

doi:10.1053/jhin.2001.1117

Cited by 77 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…18 Using a 10 4 cfu/mL definition, 66% of samples were contaminated, compared with 86% in the present study. Half the population of Malaysia is of Chinese origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Bacteriological screening of expressed breast milk revealed a high rate of bacterial contamination in Chinese women

Ng¹,

Lee²,

Leung³

et al. 2004

Journal of Hospital Infection

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“…18 Using a 10 4 cfu/mL definition, 66% of samples were contaminated, compared with 86% in the present study. Half the population of Malaysia is of Chinese origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Bacteriological screening of expressed breast milk revealed a high rate of bacterial contamination in Chinese women

Ng¹,

Lee²,

Leung³

et al. 2004

Journal of Hospital Infection

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“…Alternatively, either hand or electric powered pumps can be used to express milk. Electric pumps require power and may be cost prohibitive; by comparison, hand pumps are cheaper, easier to operate in populations with limited knowledge of pumps, pose less risk of contamination due to having fewer parts, are disposable, and can be used in any field setting (Boo et al, 2001). Several reliable pumps are manufactured by Kaneson (Osaka, Japan) or Medela (McHenry, IL).…”

Section: Milk Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and laboratory methods in human milk research

Miller

Aiello

Fujita

et al. 2012

American J Hum Biol

119

108

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Human milk is a complex and variable fluid of increasing interest to human biologists who study nutrition and health. The collection and analysis of human milk poses many practical and ethical challenges to field workers, who must balance both appropriate methodology with the needs of participating mothers and infants and logistical challenges to collection and analysis. In this review, we address various collection methods, volume measurements, and ethical considerations and make recommendations for field researchers. We also review frequently used methods for the analysis of fat, protein, sugars/lactose, and specific biomarkers in human milk. Finally, we address new technologies in human milk research, the MIRIS Human Milk Analyzer and dried milk spots, which will improve the ability of human biologists and anthropologists to study human milk in field settings. Am.

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“…Colonization and subsequent infection, particularly septicaemia in neonates, have been associated with the ingestion of contaminated infant formulas or expressed human breast milk (EHM) (Weir, 2002;Youssef et al, 2002). Contamination of EHM is likely to occur because of maternal infection and/or colonization by opportunistic pathogens or by improper expression, manipulation and storage procedures (Boo et al, 2001;Qutaishat et al, 2003). According to Novak et al (2000b), the isolation of multiresistant bacteria in EHM could be associated with long-term hospitalization and abusive antimicrobial usage that commonly occur in Brazil, particularly because of the high number of caesarean sections, which increases the rate of the mother's colonization by opportunistic pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial-resistance and enterotoxin-encoding genes among staphylococci isolated from expressed human breast milk

Carneiro

Queiroz

Merquior

2004

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Resistance traits and the presence of enterotoxin-encoding genes were investigated in staphylococcus isolates obtained from expressed human breast milk. A total of 54 staphylococcal isolates identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (53 . 6 %), Staphylococcus warneri (20 . 4 %), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (13 %) were investigated. By using a disc-diffusion method, higher rates of resistance, including intermediate resistance, were observed for penicillin (87 %) and erythromycin (59 . 3 %). All strains were susceptible to clindamycin and vancomycin. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a macrodilution method for four clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs. High rates of resistance or intermediate resistance were observed for erythromycin, gentamicin and oxacillin. Additionally, three isolates showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC, 8 ìg ml À1 ). Genetic determinants of resistance were detected by using PCR and the results showed good correlation with the macrodilution tests. Moreover, in four staphylococcus isolates, the presence of enterotoxin-encoding genes (seg, seh and sea) was identified. The results demonstrated that expressed human breast milk can be a reservoir of multiresistant staphylococci that may also harbour important virulent determinants.

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Contamination of breast milk obtained by manual expression and breast pumps in mothers of very low birthweight infants

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Bacteriological screening of expressed breast milk revealed a high rate of bacterial contamination in Chinese women

Bacteriological screening of expressed breast milk revealed a high rate of bacterial contamination in Chinese women

Field and laboratory methods in human milk research

Antimicrobial-resistance and enterotoxin-encoding genes among staphylococci isolated from expressed human breast milk

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