Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China

Shen, Fang; Mao, Longjiang; Sun, Runxia; Du, Jijing; Tan, Zhihai; Deng, Min

doi:10.3390/ijerph16030336

Cited by 110 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Although Pb and Zn are derived mainly from natural sources, because the content of Zn was much higher than the background value, these levels may reflect the fact that Zn is widely used in automotive manufacturing and the mechanical industry. Similarly, Pb is the main component of automobile exhaust [64], Li is often used in lubricants of automobile parts, as well as in lithium battery vehicles, etc. Therefore, it is likely that Li, Zn and Pb have both natural and anthropogenic sources.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Tianchi volcano is a dormant active volcano with a risk of re-eruption. Volcanic soil and volcanic ash samples were collected around the volcano and the concentrations of 21 metals (major and trace elements) were determined. The spatial distribution of the metals was obtained by inverse distance weight (IDW) interpolation. The metals’ sources were identified and their pollution levels were assessed to determine their potential ecological and human health risks. The metal concentrations were higher around Tianchi and at the north to the west of the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and contamination factor (CF) calculations, Zn pollution was high in the study area. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that with the exception of Fe, Mn and As, the metals that were investigated (Al, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Ti, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Ba, Ga, Li, Co, Cd, Sn, Sr) were mostly naturally derived. A small proportion of Li, Pb and Zn may have come from vehicle traffic. There is no potential ecological risk and non-carcinogenic risk because of the low concentrations of the metals; however, it is necessary to pay attention to the carcinogenic risk of Cr and As in children.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Han

Zhang

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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“…Health risk assessment can be done based on the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both adults and children. Hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose–response assessment, and risk characterization are the key elements of health risk assessment [31]. Chronic daily intake (CDI) (mg/kg/day) through incidental ingestion (CDI ingest ) and dermal contact (CDI dermal ) was determined by the following Equations to predict the human health risk that is caused by exposure to these elements.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment

Peng

Xie

Zeng

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Contamination with the eight elements, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and Cd, is a serious concern in Zhongshan, which is a typical light industrial city, China. 60 surface soil samples were collected to investigate the concentrations, spatial distribution, human health risk, and sources of these elements in the soils in Zhongshan. The concentrations of the eight elements were analyzed while using ordinary kriging analysis, pollution load index (PLI), potential ecological risk index (RI), human health risk, correlation analysis, and factor analysis. The mean concentrations of the tested elements, excluding Pb and As, were higher than the soil background values in the Pearl River Delta. The spatial distribution of the tested elements revealed a zonal distribution pattern and high values in several areas. The mean PLI and RI indicated slight and moderate risk levels. Health risk assessment demonstrates that both children and adults were more exposed to Cu than to Cr, As, and Cd. However, the associated carcinogenic risk is acceptable. Hg that originated from human activities; As, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd originated from industrial activities; and, Pb and Zn originated from transportation activities. Cd was the main pollutant in the study area and it was present at higher concentrations when compared with those of the other elements. Therefore, Zhongshan should encourage enterprises to conduct industrial transformation to control the ecological risk.

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“…It is also important to identify the sources of this pollution in order to establish an effective program of measures. In many previous studies, successful results have been obtained using multivariate analyses, which are known to be effective tools for determining the sources of heavy metal pollution in sediment [62][63][64][65] .…”

Section: Sediment Pollution Indices Various Pollution Indices For Asmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey

Algül

Beyhan

2020

Sci Rep

126

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the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa were investigated. the concentrations of nine heavy metals and the total organic carbon content in sediment samples were determined for between Summer 2015 and Spring 2016. The mean contents of heavy metals were in decreasing order fe > Mn > ni > cr > Zn > cu > co > pb > cd. Sediment quality guidelines indicate that Cr, Cu, and Ni pose a considerable threat to the aquatic ecosystem in Lake Bafa. Site L3 was found to be contaminated with cd, cr, and ni, and the pollution load indices suggest that these metals had anthropogenic sources. the sediment samples were notably enriched with cd and ni. there is no consistent trend for seasonal effect in terms of the sample locations. However, at all sampling points, an increase in heavy metal concentrations was observed in the autumn. the results of a multivariate analysis indicate that the sources of co, cu, fe, Mn, pb, and Zn were all natural, the sources of cd were anthropogenic, and the sources of ni and cr were both anthropogenic and natural. these results highlight that cd, cr, and particularly ni represent the most serious threat in terms of heavy metal pollution in the ecosystem of the lake. Heavy metals mainly enter aquatic environments as a result of a variety of human activities (e.g., agriculture, combustion, corroded underground pipes, industrial plants, sewage, smelting, and vehicles) 1-3. Exposure to heavy metals has been linked to various negative health effects, including cancer, behavioural problems, impaired intelligence, developmental problems, kidney damage, and miscarriage or stillbirth 4. Heavy metals are not readily degraded in the environment, and those that enter a water body can remain there for some time. They are usually found in low concentrations in aquatic systems 5 , and high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments can indicate anthropogenic rather than natural sources 6,7. Heavy metals are poorly soluble in water, so predominantly sorb to suspended particles that then settle as sediment 8. Heavy metals can thus enter the food chain in the aquatic environment, and become available for accumulation in biota 9. Fish, which are at the top of the food chain and are an important food source for humans, can accumulate heavy metals in their tissues 10 , and this characteristic makes them an effective indicator of pollution 11. Accordingly, assessment of pollution from heavy metals in sediments in the environment is very important in terms of its effects on aquatic organisms and human health 12. Lake sediments are a sink for heavy metals 13,14 , and heavy metal concentrations are generally higher in sediment than in water 15. Indeed, concentrations of heavy metals in water are sometimes lower than detection limits, meaning that sediment should be analysed to assess levels of contamination by heavy metals in the aquatic system 16-18. Lake sediments mostly act as a sink for heavy metals; on the other hand, they can also act as a source to the overlying water 19,20. C...

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Contamination Evaluation and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in the Sediments from the Lishui River Watershed, Southern China

Cited by 110 publications

References 29 publications

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Environmental Risk Assessment of Metals in the Volcanic Soil of Changbai Mountain

Eight Elements in Soils from a Typical Light Industrial City, China: Spatial Distribution, Ecological Assessment, and the Source Apportionment

Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey

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