the concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa were investigated. the concentrations of nine heavy metals and the total organic carbon content in sediment samples were determined for between Summer 2015 and Spring 2016. The mean contents of heavy metals were in decreasing order fe > Mn > ni > cr > Zn > cu > co > pb > cd. Sediment quality guidelines indicate that Cr, Cu, and Ni pose a considerable threat to the aquatic ecosystem in Lake Bafa. Site L3 was found to be contaminated with cd, cr, and ni, and the pollution load indices suggest that these metals had anthropogenic sources. the sediment samples were notably enriched with cd and ni. there is no consistent trend for seasonal effect in terms of the sample locations. However, at all sampling points, an increase in heavy metal concentrations was observed in the autumn. the results of a multivariate analysis indicate that the sources of co, cu, fe, Mn, pb, and Zn were all natural, the sources of cd were anthropogenic, and the sources of ni and cr were both anthropogenic and natural. these results highlight that cd, cr, and particularly ni represent the most serious threat in terms of heavy metal pollution in the ecosystem of the lake. Heavy metals mainly enter aquatic environments as a result of a variety of human activities (e.g., agriculture, combustion, corroded underground pipes, industrial plants, sewage, smelting, and vehicles) 1-3. Exposure to heavy metals has been linked to various negative health effects, including cancer, behavioural problems, impaired intelligence, developmental problems, kidney damage, and miscarriage or stillbirth 4. Heavy metals are not readily degraded in the environment, and those that enter a water body can remain there for some time. They are usually found in low concentrations in aquatic systems 5 , and high concentrations of heavy metals in sediments can indicate anthropogenic rather than natural sources 6,7. Heavy metals are poorly soluble in water, so predominantly sorb to suspended particles that then settle as sediment 8. Heavy metals can thus enter the food chain in the aquatic environment, and become available for accumulation in biota 9. Fish, which are at the top of the food chain and are an important food source for humans, can accumulate heavy metals in their tissues 10 , and this characteristic makes them an effective indicator of pollution 11. Accordingly, assessment of pollution from heavy metals in sediments in the environment is very important in terms of its effects on aquatic organisms and human health 12. Lake sediments are a sink for heavy metals 13,14 , and heavy metal concentrations are generally higher in sediment than in water 15. Indeed, concentrations of heavy metals in water are sometimes lower than detection limits, meaning that sediment should be analysed to assess levels of contamination by heavy metals in the aquatic system 16-18. Lake sediments mostly act as a sink for heavy metals; on the other hand, they can also act as a source to the overlying water 19,20. C...
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Bafa Gölü'nü tehdit eden kirleticilerden ağır metallerin su ve sediment ortamlarındaki mevcudiyetini araştırmak, gölün durumunu ağır metal kirlenmesi bakımından değerlendirerek göldeki ekolojik sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması amacıyla çeşitli çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir. Bafa Gölü'nü kirletmesi muhtemel ağır metal türlerinin göl suyundaki konsantrasyonlarını belirlemek amacıyla göl içinde seçilen 4 örnekleme noktasında yüzey ve tabandan 12 aylık su örnekleri alınmıştır. Ayrıca gölün giriş ve çıkış kanallarından da 12 ay boyunca su örnekleri alınarak göle giren ve gölden çıkan ağır metal miktarları tespit edilmiştir. Ağır metallerin sediment ortamındaki birikimini belirlemek için su örneklerinin alındığı istasyonlarda mevsimsel olarak 4 kere sediment örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Alınan su ve sediment örneklerinde kirliliğe neden olması beklenen ağır metal türleri, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb ve Zn olarak belirlenmiştir. Göle giren sularda, ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının gölden çıkış yapan sulardan daha fazla ağır metal içerdiği tespit edilmiş, aradaki farkın, gölde bulunan sediment ortamında tutulduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Bafa gölünü kirlilik bakımından en yüksek derecede etkileyen ağır metaller; Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu ve Fe olarak belirlenmiş olup, bunların özellikle bazı su ve sediment ortamlarındaki konsantrasyonları kabul edilen belirli kirlilik kriter seviyelerini aştığı belirlenmiştir.
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