Contaminant concentration in environmental samples using LIBS and CF-LIBS

radioactive, high temperature, toxic materials) [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], industry [26][27][28][29][30][31], architecture, medical (noninvasive study of human teeth and hair, diagnosis of cancer tissue, DNA analysis) [32][33][34][35][36][37], military and civil security (detection of explosive material and biological weapons) [38][39][40][41][42][43]. Most of these applications are investigated under the condition of earth's atmosphere (i.e., at 760 Torr in air atmosphere) in order to determine the selected material compositions. Nevertheless, interest in LIBS in other ambient gases with various circumstances has been grown because of its practical application. It should be mentioned that nowadays wide applications of gas effects in space exploration (such as utilizing LIBS for investigating specific conditions on Venus and Mars) [4,44,45] are studied. For instance, in scope of gas pressure, the high-pressure environment serves to replicate the conditions of a nuclear reactor or simulate some planet environments [46]. At the opposite, reduced gas pressures or vacuum is applied for determination of isotope ratios [47][48][49], synthesis of nanoparticles and thin films.Different research groups [50][51][52][53][54][55] have investigated the quantitative analysis of plasma parameters and spectral line properties in LIBS technique by considering the influences of gas conditions. For instance, Effenberger et al. [56] have properly presented a review of applications of different gas effects in LIBS experiment. They have comprehensively mentioned the results of various groups about the effects of atmosphere compositions and gas pressures (higher and lower than 760 Torr) on plasma parameters and spectral line characteristics. Dawood et al. [57] have investigated the effects of gas nature and its pressure on temporal distribution of aluminum plasma. They have explained that both plasma temperature and electron density grow with ambient gas pressure. In addition, they have shown that argon provides the highest temperature and plasma density, helium provides the lowest one, and nitrogen produces Abstract In this paper, the influences of He ambient gas on aluminum emissions are investigated by experimental analysis of LIBS spectrum. Plasma is produced by focusing of a Nd:YAG laser pulse at a wavelength of 1064 nm on Al standard samples. In this work, the effects of helium atmosphere at different pressures on the amount of spectral self-absorption are studied. The results are discussed by utilizing two approaches: the curve of growth and calibration curve. It is seen that by increasing the gas pressure, the self-absorption enhances. Also, a new method of applying one standard sample instead of other traditional techniques is introduced for concentration prediction. The presented method would be helpful for the situation in which supplying standard samples is not very easy. Then, the accuracy of this new method can be checked by comparison of concentration prediction of the standard samples with their real concentrations.

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Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Rezaei

Tavassoli

2015

Appl. Phys. B

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“…The LIBS technique has been applied for direct analysis of different environmental samples [5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The principles of LIBS have been described elsewhere [13,[22][23][24].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the assessment of total carbon content, which characterizes the soil enrichment by organic components [35]. Secondly, the determination of levels of nutrients and toxic elements [21,26,36,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for determination of Cr in soils from Brits District, South Africa

Ambushe¹,

Plessis²,

McCrindle³

2015

Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth.

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ABSTRACT. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an emerging analytical technique, which can be used to perform elemental analysis of any material, irrespective of its physical state. In this study, the LIBS technique has been applied for quantification of total Cr in soil samples collected from polluted areas of Brits, North West Province, South Africa. A Q-switched neodymium-yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser (10 Hz, λ = 1064 nm) was employed for generation of a laser-induced plasma on the surface of the soil sample. The atomic emission lines were recorded using an Andor Shamrock SR-303i spectrometer, fitted with an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. Detailed investigation of experimental parameters such as gate delay time, gate width and laser pulse energy was conducted. Soil samples were dried, finely ground, sieved and thereafter pelletized before LIBS analysis. Calibration curve for the quantification of Cr was constructed using certified reference materials of soils and sediments. The concentrations of Cr in soil samples varied from 111 to 3180 mg/kg. In order to test the validity of the LIBS results, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was also employed for determination of Cr. The results obtained using LIBS were found to be in good agreement with those of ICP-MS.

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“…Anecdotal attempts to analyze soils that avoid standard samples have been made [27,28]. However, LIBS in this version can produce the total C content in soil.…”

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Development of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method for soil and ecological analysis (review)

et al. 2010

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The application of laser spectrochemical analysis to testing for basic compounds and nutritious/toxic elements in soil has been reviewed. A combined laser-spark approach has been applied for the rapid measurement of the carbon content in soil. Spectra have been excited both directly in a laser-ablation plume and by passing a pulsed electric discharge through the plume. The emission spectrum intensity in the combined plasma is considerably higher. The application of a complex of methods to carbon determination in soil has shown that in fact the data on the humus content usually obtained in agrochemical practice by a conventional method of carbon oxidation by potassium dichromate need to be corrected taking into account the possibility of incomplete oxidation of organic matter in soil. The efficiency of various double-pulse LIBS applications has been demonstrated in solving a number of environmental problems such as the determination of heavy and toxic metals in soil and the detection of sulfur in coal. The instrumentation and analytical procedures have been proposed and optimized for rapid control of the chlorine content in plant samples. The technique can be easily extended to ecological monitoring of toxic elements and heavy metals in any biogenic material.Introduction. Laser methods for analyzing the composition of soil, ore, minerals, and related materials have been developing rapidly for the last decade. A comprehensive review of these methods reveals that the technology for performing the analytical procedures, the equipment, and the techniques for processing results are similar. The employed methods are based on emission spectroscopy, fluorescence, Raman scattering, IR reflectance from the samples, etc. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is promoted as a primary technique. This method was developed very early [1-4] and is sufficiently validated for solving various practical problems such as quality control of industrial products [5], processes [6], the environmental situation [7], water resources [8], and the composition of ores and minerals [9] in addition to problems in criminology for detecting explosives [10], pharmacology [11], archeology and art [12], and biological samples [13]. This method is used in agricultural chemistry to determine the soil content of carbon, which characterizes the humus content, and several nutritious elements and toxins [14][15][16]. For this, LIBS factors such as simple sample preparation for analysis, rapid processing of results and their distribution, and prospects for determining the soil composition under field conditions are important [17].Because soil has a complicated background composition, it is analyzed as a rule by calibrating instruments using certified samples (standards). These standards can differ in complexity even for solving similar problems depending on the matrix of samples subject to analysis. For example, the determination of C in chernozem and loamy soils and rocky and peaty ores cannot be carried out using single certified samples. Standards ...

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Contaminant concentration in environmental samples using LIBS and CF-LIBS

Cited by 103 publications

References 19 publications

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Quantitative analysis of aluminum samples in He ambient gas at different pressures in a thick LIBS plasma

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for determination of Cr in soils from Brits District, South Africa

Development of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy method for soil and ecological analysis (review)

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