Containment in Sierra Leone: the inability of a state to confront Ebola?

Ozer, Pierre; Thiry, Aline; Fallon, Cathérine; Blocher, Julia; Longueville, Florence De

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61594-4

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The acute nature of the recent outbreak necessitated imposing quarantine, isolation, and other restrictive measures, in addition to monitoring movement of travellers. However, these measures were applied excessively and, rather than proving beneficial, caused under-reporting of diagnosed patients, lowered trust in the government, and sharpened economic, political, and social challenges ( 68 , 70 , 74 , 75 ). During this crisis, human rights violations were wide-ranging, including blockage of rural areas in Sierra Leone by the army, shooting of people who unlawfully entered Liberia from Sierra Leone, and broad-sweeping barricades in Liberia that prevented access to food, medicine, and life-sustaining services.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Promoting public health legal preparedness for emergencies: review of current trends and their relevance in light of the Ebola crisis

Cohen

Feder‐Bubis

Bar‐Dayan

et al. 2015

Global Health Action

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BackgroundPublic health legal preparedness (PHLP) for emergencies is a core component of the health system response. However, the implementation of health legal preparedness differs between low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and developed countries.ObjectiveThis paper examines recent trends regarding public health legal preparedness for emergencies and discusses its role in the recent Ebola outbreak.DesignA rigorous literature review was conducted using eight electronic databases as well as Google Scholar. The results encompassed peer-reviewed English articles, reports, theses, and position papers dating from 2011 to 2014. Earlier articles concerning regulatory actions were also examined.ResultsThe importance of PHLP has grown during the past decade and focuses mainly on infection–disease scenarios. Amid LMICs, it mostly refers to application of international regulations, whereas in developed states, it focuses on independent legislation and creation of conditions optimal to promoting an effective emergency management. Among developed countries, the United States’ utilisation of health legal preparedness is the most advanced, including the creation of a model comprising four elements: law, competencies, information, and coordination. Only limited research has been conducted in this field to date. Nevertheless, in both developed and developing states, studies that focused on regulations and laws activated in health systems during emergencies, identified inconsistency and incoherence. The Ebola outbreak plaguing West Africa since 2014 has global implications, challenges and paralleling results, that were identified in this review.ConclusionsThe review has shown the need to broaden international regulations, to deepen reciprocity between countries, and to consider LMICs health capacities, in order to strengthen the national health security. Adopting elements of the health legal preparedness model is recommended.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors mentioned above significantly affect the public's trust in responding agencies and governance systems activated during crises such as the Ebola outbreak. The relationships between international health organisations are thus impacted ( 70 ) in both underdeveloped ( 32 ) and developed states ( 75 , 77 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting public health legal preparedness for emergencies: review of current trends and their relevance in light of the Ebola crisis

Cohen

Feder‐Bubis

Bar‐Dayan

et al. 2015

Global Health Action

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“…Our modeling framework assumes an improved public health system for effective identification and isolation, so as to identify symptomatic patients at an early stage. Modifications of the framework are needed to address disease transmission and management scenarios in countries where this assumption is not met (Gao and Feng, 2014;Burnouf et al, 2014;Bausch and Schwarz, 2014;Fauci, 2014;Briand et al, 2014;Ozer et al, 2014). Compared with the work in Gutfraind and Meyers (2015), our model possesses the following features of the blood transfusion dynamics.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment–donation-stockpile dynamics in ebola convalescent blood transfusion therapy

Sun

Lan

et al. 2016

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The interim guidance issued by the World Health Organization during the West Africa 2014 Ebola outbreak provides guidelines on the use of convalescent blood from Ebola survivors for transfusion therapy. Here we develop a novel mathematical model, based on the interim guidance, to examine the nonlinear transmission-treatment-donation-stockpile dynamics during an Ebola outbreak and with a large scale use of the transfusion therapy in the population. We estimate the reduction of case fatality ratio by introducing convalescent blood transfusion as a therapy, and inform optimal treatment-donation-stockpile strategies to balance the treatment need for case fatality ratio reduction and the strategic need of maintaining a minimal blood bank stockpile for other control priorities.

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