Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in northern tanzania, culture confirmation and serological studies

Bölske, Göran; Msami, H.M.; Gunnarsson, A.; Kapaga, A. M.; Loomu, P. M.

doi:10.1007/bf02250690

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that the Kenyan strain of M. mycoides SC (B613/86) was different from the Tanzanian ones despite the fact that epidemiological information indicate that CBPP was introduced into north‐eastern Tanzania by cattle originating from Kenya (Bölske et al., 1995; Masiga et al., 1996). One possible explanation for the observed difference is that the Kenyan strain which was isolated in 1986 and whose information on the epidemiological origin was not available to the authors may have originated from another source that was unrelated to the strain(s) which spread to Tanzania in 1990.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Restriction of cattle movements, strict quarantine measures and vigorous vaccination campaigns prevented the spread of the disease further south and facilitated its eradication in 1964 (Lwebandiza, 1969). However, after an absence of about 25 years the disease was re‐introduced into the country from Kenya in 1990 and from Uganda in 1991 (Bölske et al., 1995; Kondela et al., 1995; Rweyemamu and Benkirane, 1996). The disease rapidly spread southward and by July 1999 it had affected 49 districts in 17 out of the 20 regions of mainland Tanzania (Melewas, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Tanzania Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

Kusiluka

Ojeniyi

Friis³

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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The genetic diversity of 60 field strains of Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. mycoides, small colony type (M. mycoides SC), comprising 56 isolates from cattle in Tanzania, one from Kenya, two from Botswana and one from Portugal, as well as the type (PG1T) and vaccine (T1-SR49) strains, was investigated. The strains were analyzed for variations in the EcoRI and Csp6I restriction sites in the genomic DNA using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, and variations in the BamHI restriction sites using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Six AFLP types were detected among the analysed strains. The AFLP profiles of the type and vaccine strains were indistinguishable from each other. Indistinguishable AFLP profiles were found for 55 Tanzanian field strains, one of them isolated in 1990 and the other 54 isolated in 1998/1999, although one strain isolated in 1999 showed a different profile. Strains from different countries revealed different AFLP profiles. Six PFGE types were detected among the analysed strains, with all the 56 Tanzanian field strains displaying indistinguishable PFGE profiles. Strains from different countries revealed different PFGE profiles, and so did the type and vaccine strains. The strong genomic homogeneity among M. mycoides SC strains associated with outbreaks of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in different regions of Tanzania suggests that the outbreaks of the disease in the 1990-99 period might have been caused by a single epidemic clone. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that AFLP and PFGE are potential tools for molecular epidemiological studies of M. mycoides SC infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Tanzania Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

Kusiluka

Ojeniyi

Friis³

et al. 2001

Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B

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“…mycoides SC infection [6]. Samples were taken fortnightly in all goats but due to storage problems collected pre-infection sera were only rarely available for testing with ELISA and a few goats could not be tested throughout the entire period of infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia: A Long Term Study on the Course of Infection and Pathology in a Flock of Goats Infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

et al. 2004

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: Experimental contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A long term study on the course of infection and pathology in a flock of goats infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae. Acta vet. scand. 2004, 45, 167-179. -Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a major threat to goat farming in parts of Africa and Asia. It classically causes acute high morbidity and mortality early in infection, but little is known of its long term epizootiology and course. In this study, 10 goats were inoculated with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (M. capripneumoniae) and then mixed with 15 goats for contact transmission. The disease course was monitored in each goat for 56-105 days, whereafter the goats were killed and necropsied. Varying features signifying infection occurred in altogether 17 goats (7 inoculated, 10 in-contact). Clinical signs were severe in 8 goats but no fatalities occurred. Only 6 goats had serum antibody titres against M. capripneumoniae in ELISA. Fourteen goats (5 inoculated, 9 in-contact) had chronic pleuropulmonary lesions compatible with CCPP at necropsy and 7 of those showed M. capripneumoniae antigen in the lung by immunohistochemistry. Neither cultivation nor PCR tests were positive for the agent in any goat. The results indicate that the clinical course of CCPP in a flock may be comparatively mild, M. capripneumoniaeassociated lung lesions may be present at a late stage of infection, and chronic infection may occur without a significant serological response. goat; Mycoplasma; contagious pleuropneumonia; ELISA; immunohistochemistry; serology; pathology.

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“…The aim was to obtain a library that could reveal pathogenic features of M. mycoides SC. Strain M223/90 is a bovine isolate from pleural fluid that originated in Tanzania in 1990 (15).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable Surface Protein Vmm ofMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesSmall Colony Type

et al. 2002

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A variable surface protein, Vmm, of the bovine pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) has been identified and characterized. Vmm was specific for the SC biotype and was expressed by 68 of 69 analyzed M. mycoides SC strains. The protein was found to undergo reversible phase variation at a frequency of 9 ؋ 10 ؊4 to 5 ؋ 10 ؊5 per cell per generation. The vmm gene was present in all of the 69 tested M. mycoides SC strains and encodes a lipoprotein precursor of 59 amino acids (aa), where the mature protein was predicted to be 36 aa and was anchored to the membrane by only the lipid moiety, as no transmembrane region could be identified. DNA sequencing of the vmm gene region from ON and OFF clones showed that the expression of Vmm was regulated at the transcriptional level by dinucleotide insertions or deletions in a repetitive region of the promoter spacer. Vmm-like genes were also found in four closely related mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp . capripneumoniae, Mycoplasma sp. bovine serogroup 7, and Mycoplasma putrefaciens. However, Vmm could not be detected in whole-cell lysates of these species, suggesting that the proteins encoded by the vmm-like genes lack the binding epitope for the monoclonal antibody used in this study or, alternatively, that the Vmm-like proteins were not expressed. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M.mycoides SC) causes a severe respiratory disease in cattle, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). It is the only bacterial disease included in the A list of communicable animal diseases of the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) and is the most important animal disease in Africa, affecting at least 27 countries (3, 5, 82). CBPP disappeared from Europe at the end of the 19th century but reappeared sporadically and affected several countries in an epizootic in southern Europe between 1983 and 1999.The CBPP agent was first isolated and described in 1898 (72), and the organism was classified into the genus Mycoplasma (32) nearly 70 years later. Mycoplasmas belong to the class Mollicutes, whose members lack a cell wall and are known as the smallest self-replicating organisms (62,79 (43). In this article we will only refer to the classical M. mycoides cluster, which excludes the three latter species.The members of the M. mycoides cluster share many antigenic properties, and serological cross-reactions are often observed. Yet these infectious agents are strictly host specific, and the typical lung lesions of CBPP are solely formed after infection by M. mycoides SC. Consequently, any antigenic epitope that is unique for M. mycoides SC may be of importance for the pathogenicity of this organism and is therefore an interesting subject for research. Hitherto, very little is known about the pathogenicity of M. mycoides SC. The polysaccharide capsule and oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide production may play important roles in CBPP infection (18,49,58,64,69,75). Recently, it was suggested th...

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Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in northern tanzania, culture confirmation and serological studies

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Tanzania Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

Molecular Epidemiology of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Tanzania Based on Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed‐field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis

Experimental Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia: A Long Term Study on the Course of Infection and Pathology in a Flock of Goats Infected with Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae

Variable Surface Protein Vmm ofMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesSmall Colony Type

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