Contact with Existing Adipose Tissue Is Inductive for Adipogenesis in Matrigel

Abstract

The effect of adipose tissue on inductive adipogenesis within Matrigel (BD Biosciences) was assessed by using a murine chamber model containing a vascular pedicle. Three-chamber configurations that varied in the access to an adipose tissue source were used, including sealed- and open-chamber groups that had no access and limited access, respectively, to the surrounding adipose tissue, and a sealed-chamber group in which adipose tissue was placed as an autograft. All groups showed neovascularization, but varied in the amount of adipogenesis seen in direct relation to their access to preexisting adipose tissue: open chambers showed strong adipogenesis, whereas the sealed chambers had little or no adipose tissue; adipogenesis was restored in the autograft chamber group that contained 2- to 5-mg fat autografts. These showed significantly more adipogenesis than the sealed chambers with no autograft ( p < 0.01). Autografts with 1mg of fat were capable of producing adipogenesis but did so less consistently than the larger autografts. These findings have important implications for adipose tissue engineering strategies and for understanding de novo production of adipose tissue.

Zymosan-induced inflammation stimulates neo-adipogenesis

“…17 Briefly, the superficial epigastric vessels were exposed via a transverse groin incision and dissected free of their investing fascia for a distance of approximately 1 cm from their origin at the femoral vessels. The split silicone tube chamber was then prised open, placed around the vessels and allowed to spring closed.…”

“…Following this the distal aperture of the chamber was also sealed, creating a 'closed' chamber ( Figure 1). 17 The construct was then carefully returned to the dissected pocket within the groin and the wound closed with metal clips. Matrigel chambers without ZA was also included (n ¼ 6, ZAtreated groups; n ¼ 9, control group).…”

“…16 We have demonstrated that isolating the Matrigel from the surrounding tissues in a closed silicone chamber, supplied by a dedicated vascular pedicle, largely prevents adipogenesis while still maintaining a satisfactory angiogenic response. 17 This model permits the investigation of systemic influences on adipogenesis without the presence of confounding local factors. We chose to induce inflammation in the chamber with Zymosan-A (ZA), a polysaccharide preparation of the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rich in b-1,3-glucan.…”

Extraction and Assembly of Tissue-Derived Gels for Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering

“…These gels have been used in studies of cell migration, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and tissue engineering. 10,12 While sometimes referred to as laminin-rich ECM, the only laminin isoform present in Matrigel is laminin-111. This isoform plays an important role in early embryogenesis, but is not expressed in most mature organs.…”

To Matrigel or Not to Matrigel

“…Therefore to create a mouse tissue engineering construct that will support adipogenesis and angiogenesis, we chose growth factor-reduced (GFR) Matrigel. Matrigel is widely used in in vitro studies, has been the subject of a number of in vivo studies on adipogenesis, 6,7 and has been known to support angiogenesis since the work of Passaniti and colleagues. 8 Two recent studies have described in detail the angiogenic process within Matrigel.…”