Contact dermatitis from the epoxy resins tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐ methylene dianiline and o‐diglycidyl phthalate in composite material

Burrows, D.; Fregert, Sigfrid; Campbell, Hector S.; Trulsson, Lena

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1984.tb00931.x

Cited by 58 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[17][18][19][20] Reported prevalences in occupational settings are higher, with between 11.7 and 12.5% of cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) attributable to epoxy chemicals. 21 Studies from workplaces found exceptionally high rates of ACD from ERS in aircraft manufacturing workers (56%) 7 and marble workers (45%) 22 , amongst others. Skin sensitization is also common amongst construction workers (up to 9.7%) and is caused by ERS present in cement and other building materials, 18,23 but is also frequent in newer settings such as the production of wind turbine rotor blades 15 and relining of old pipes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency

O’Boyle

Niklasson

Tehrani‐Bagha

et al. 2014

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Epoxy resin monomers, including diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and F (DGEBA and DGEBF), are extensively used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers. However, they are known to cause widespread contact allergy. This research describes a number of alternative epoxy resin monomers, designed with the aim of reducing the skin sensitizing potency whilst maintaining the ability to form thermosetting polymers. The compounds were designed, synthesized, assessed for skin sensitizing potency using the in vivo murine local lymph node assay, and tested for technical applicability using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. All the novel epoxy resin monomers had decreased skin sensitization potencies compared to DGEBA and DGEBF. With respect to EC3 values, which is the estimated concentration of a substance required to induce a 3-fold increase in sensitization compared to a control, the best of the new monomers had a value approximately 2.5 times higher than those of DGEBA and DGEBF. The diepoxides were reacted with triethylenetetramine and four out of the six novel monomers gave polymers with a thermal stability comparable to that obtained with DGEBA and DGEBF. The new epoxy resin monomers have the potential to replace DGEBA and DGEBF, leading to a decreased incidence of contact allergy due to epoxy resins, decreased healthcare costs, and an increased quality of life for those handling thermosetting materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 They are known to be extremely sensitizing to the skin and can sensitize upon first contact. 4 ACD has been reported from various epoxy resin system components, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] most commonly from exposure to DGEBA and DGEBF. 14,15 DGEBA is included in the European baseline series for diagnosis of ACD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency

O’Boyle

Niklasson

Tehrani‐Bagha

et al. 2014

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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“…The ER compounds may be DGEBA, 4-glycidyloxy-N,N-diglycidyl aniline, diglycidyl ether of tetrabromo-bisphenol A, TGMDA, TGPAP and o -diglycidyl phthalate [5]. Non-DGEBA ER, TGMDA and TGPAP used in carbon-fiber-reinforced composites have caused sensitization from prepregs [5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators suggest that prepregs can be patch tested ‘as is’ [5], whereas others recommend that they should only be tested on individuals suspected to be allergic on a clinical basis [6]to minimize the risk of accidental sensitization. Our patient developed very strong, bullous patch test reactions from patch testing prepregs ‘as is’ (fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airborne Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Triglycidyl-<i>p</i>-Aminophenol and Tetraglycidyl-4,4`-Methylene Dianiline in Preimpregnated Epoxy Products in the Aircraft Industry

et al. 2000

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Background: Very little is known about allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from preimpregnated epoxy products (prepregs). Objective: To describe a patient with occupational ACD from prepregs, and report new quantitative data on the content of prepregs. Methods and Results: A laminator developed work-related vesicular hand dermatitis. He worked in an aircraft plant assembling aircraft parts, being exposed to preimpregnated carbon fiber and fiberglass sheets (prepregs), and epoxy adhesive tapes and foams. Triglycidyl-p-aminophenol (TGPAP; 1–0.25%, 2+; 0.05%, 1+) and tetraglycidyl-4,4`-methylene dianiline (TGMDA; 1%, 3+; 0.5–0.05%, 2+) provoked allergic patch test reactions, whereas o-diglycidyl phthalate was negative (1–0.05% pet) and standard epoxy provoked a weak (?+) reaction. Six prepreg products provoking allergic patch test reactions were analyzed for their TGPAP, TGMDA and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) content using gas and liquid chromatographic methods, showing up to 10% of TGPAP, 19% of TGMDA and 5% of DGEBA in the prepregs. An epoxy primer contained 61% of TGPAP. Conclusion: TGPAP and TGMDA caused occupational ACD. These chemicals need to be used when patch testing patients are exposed to prepregs, because patch testing with DGEBA may be negative.

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Occupational dermatoses from plastic composites

Tarvainen

Kanerva

1999

J. Environ. Med.

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Contact dermatitis from the epoxy resins tetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐ methylene dianiline and o‐diglycidyl phthalate in composite material

Cited by 58 publications

References 3 publications

Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency

Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency

Airborne Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis from Triglycidyl-<i>p</i>-Aminophenol and Tetraglycidyl-4,4`-Methylene Dianiline in Preimpregnated Epoxy Products in the Aircraft Industry

Occupational dermatoses from plastic composites

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