Contact allergy to epoxy resin: risk occupations and consequences

Bangsgaard, Nannie; Thyssen, Jacob P.; Menné, Torkil; Andersen, Klaus Ejner; Mørtz, Charlotte G.; Paulsen, Evy; Sommerlund, Mette; Veien, Niels K.; Laurberg, Grete; Kaaber, K; Thormann, Jens; Andersen, B; Danielsen, Anne; Avnstorp, Christian; Kristensen, Berit; Kristensen, Ove; Vissing, Susanne; Nielsen, Niels; Johansen, Jeanne Duus

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.2012.02072.x

Cited by 52 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This type of hypersensitivity is another common cause of occupational ACD. Clinical manifestations of ACD to epoxy resin are most often seen on the hands and forearms, but it is not exceptional for the face to be affected through airborne exposure 20,22,23 . Given that epoxy resins are increasingly used materials, the literature reflects the increasing incidence of cases of ACD by epoxy resins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 75-95% of epoxy resins are formed by polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, and only 1% by the polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (ref. 20 ). Epoxy resins are among the most common occupational allergens, and due to their use it is logical that men are more often sensitised [20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 ). Epoxy resins are among the most common occupational allergens, and due to their use it is logical that men are more often sensitised [20][21][22] . Sensitisation occurs in people who work with uncured epoxy resin; fully cured resin does not cause sensitisation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Contact allergy may arise not only through epoxy resins, but also from the curing agent and diluents added to the epoxy systems 20 . This type of hypersensitivity is another common cause of occupational ACD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic contact dermatitis and changes in the frequency of the causative allergens demonstrated with patch testing in 2008-2012

Tichý¹,

Karlová²

2015

BIOMED PAP

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and evaluate their dynamics in comparison with similar studies in the Czech Republic and internationally carried out in previous years. Methods. A total of 1941 patients with suspected ACD were examined using the patch tests from the European Standard Series. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results. The most common contact allergy was to nickel (15.4%), the second most frequent allergen was Balsam of Peru (11.6%). The top five allergens in the whole sample also included, in descending order, fragrance-mix I (7.1%), cobalt chloride (6.4%), and Kathon CG (4.0%). While the order of contact allergens causing sensitisation in women is consistent with the results of the whole sample, in men instead of cobalt and Kathon CG, epoxy resin and chromium appeared among the five most common allergens. Conclusions. In the Czech Republic, despite existing EU legislation, action to reduce the frequency of sensitization to nickel failed in contrast to other EU countries. In addition to nickel, consistent preventive measures should be focused mainly on sensitization to Balsam of Peru, cobalt, epoxy resins, chromium and aromatic substances and preservatives used in the cosmetic industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergic contact dermatitis and changes in the frequency of the causative allergens demonstrated with patch testing in 2008-2012

Tichý¹,

Karlová²

2015

BIOMED PAP

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“…Contact allergy to epoxy resins is widespread in dermatitis patients with a reported prevalence ranging from 0.9 to 2.3%. [17][18][19][20] Reported prevalences in occupational settings are higher, with between 11.7 and 12.5% of cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) attributable to epoxy chemicals. 21 Studies from workplaces found exceptionally high rates of ACD from ERS in aircraft manufacturing workers (56%) 7 and marble workers (45%) 22 , amongst others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency

O’Boyle

Niklasson

Tehrani‐Bagha

et al. 2014

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Epoxy resin monomers, including diglycidyl ethers of bisphenol A and F (DGEBA and DGEBF), are extensively used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers. However, they are known to cause widespread contact allergy. This research describes a number of alternative epoxy resin monomers, designed with the aim of reducing the skin sensitizing potency whilst maintaining the ability to form thermosetting polymers. The compounds were designed, synthesized, assessed for skin sensitizing potency using the in vivo murine local lymph node assay, and tested for technical applicability using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. All the novel epoxy resin monomers had decreased skin sensitization potencies compared to DGEBA and DGEBF. With respect to EC3 values, which is the estimated concentration of a substance required to induce a 3-fold increase in sensitization compared to a control, the best of the new monomers had a value approximately 2.5 times higher than those of DGEBA and DGEBF. The diepoxides were reacted with triethylenetetramine and four out of the six novel monomers gave polymers with a thermal stability comparable to that obtained with DGEBA and DGEBF. The new epoxy resin monomers have the potential to replace DGEBA and DGEBF, leading to a decreased incidence of contact allergy due to epoxy resins, decreased healthcare costs, and an increased quality of life for those handling thermosetting materials.

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