Consumers’ opinions on warning labels on food packages: A qualitative study in Brazil

Abstract

This study aimed to assess consumers’ uses of and opinions on the current Brazilian food label and their reaction to the introduction of a front-of-package warning label. We conducted 12 focus groups among a diverse sample of adult consumers, to broadly assess: (1) uses of and perceptions about the current food label, and (2) opinions about implementing a front-of-package warning label to guide food purchases. Data was analyzed with a triangulation of researchers using an exploratory content analysis, which allowed codes to emerge from the data. The frequency of codes across focus groups was compared by gender and socioeconomic status to explore differences by these sociodemographic factors. Codes were divided into six main themes: (1) “Reasons for using food labels”; (2) “Barriers to using food labels”; (3) “Requirements for a new label”; (4) “Perceived influence on consumption behaviors”; (5) “Perceived influence on child behaviors”; and (6) “Perceptions of the food manufacturers using of warning labels”. Participants used food labels to check nutrient content and ingredient information but the format of these labels and the technicality of the content displayed often made the information inaccessible, particularly for those with low socioeconomic status. Most participants were supportive of the display of front-of-package warning labels on products and considered them useful to inform purchases. Women believed that they and their children would reduce the consumption of foods with front-of-package warning labels, while men reported more polarity in their intentions. For men and their children, front-of-package warning labels would result in either stopping food intake entirely or continued consumption without changes to the amount. The study results highlight the potential of front-of-package warning labels to support healthier behaviors in both consumers and their children.

What Dimensions of Risk Perception are Associated with Avoidance of Buying Processed Foods with Warning Labels?

“…Furthermore, and unsurprisingly, women try to avoid processed foods with NWLs. This finding is in line with previous research showing that women are more aware of paying attention to credibility attributes such as NWLs [ 44 , 45 ]. Besides, processed foods create habits, which facilitate their consumption in adults [ 46 ].…”

Trans Fat Labeling Information on Brazilian Packaged Foods

“…Food labeling, on the other hand, depends on health literacy for consumers to use and understand it. Recent work conducted in Brazil showed that consumers use food labels to check nutrient content and ingredient information, but the format and the technicality of the labels often made the information inaccessible, particularly for those of low socioeconomic status [38]. Moreover, while it is an effective effort to influence consumer purchasing and product reformulation, mandatory labeling seems to have a limited long-term effect [39].…”

Ultra-processed food industry regulation for tackling obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases in the Brazilian legislature: many proposals, no enactments

“…It was proposed over 10 years ago, when the traffic light labelling system was believed to be satisfactory for helping consumers make better choices. However, the warning labelling system has later been show to be superior to that (20,21) . Another situation relates to lenient regulatory proposals that, if ever adopted, could, in fact, represent a setback in relation to current international recommendations.…”