Consumer Preference for Apple Eating Quality and Taste in Relation to Canopy Position

Et, Hamadziripi; Muller, Marie; Ki, Theron; Wj, Steyn

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2014.1058.29

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…For the consumer, fruit colour is one of the predominant incentives for purchasing a fruit. From apricot to persimmon and from apple to grape, the red colour is associated with ripeness, good taste and sweetness (Hamadziripi et al, 2014) [1]. Therefore, colour management is an important issue for fruit production around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Enhancement of Colour Development in Apples Subjected to Reflective Material in the Southern Hemisphere

Funke

Blanke

2020

Horticulturae

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(1) Background: Climate change associated with a warm autumn often hampers the development of colouration of many fruits including late ripening apple varieties in New Zealand. (2) Objective: This study will provide detailed information on the possibility of enhancing colouration of apples under the diffuse light conditions in autumn in the southern hemisphere (SH). The aim is to obtain a larger proportion of fruit meeting the (red) colour market specifications, especially within the first picks, and to identify both the side of the fruit and its position within the tall trees canopy (3.5 m) as affected by reflective mulch on the ground spread at and over different times. (3) Material and methods: Reflective white textile mulch (Extenday®) was spread in the grassed alleyways 4 weeks or 2 weeks before the anticipated harvest in April on cv. Fuji and Pacific Rose apple trees without hail nets in the Northern Part of the South Island (41° S) of NZ. Fruit colour (blush) was determined by scoring and colourimeter during fruit maturation and at harvest, and fruit quality was determined at harvest by standard methods. (4) Results: (a) In cv. Pacific Rose apple, the reflective mulch increased the scored blush value from 1.5 (<50% blush) to 3.9 (ca. 75% blush) before the first pick, whereas the control fruit (without ExtendayR) reached a final score value of only 3.0. (b) Fruit colour improved after one week of exposure to reflective mulch in the SH. (c) The scored blush on fruit near the trunk with reflective mulch doubled (Pacific Rose) or tripled (Fuji) at harvest in comparison with trees with grass alleyways (control). (d) Two and four weeks of reflective mulch enhanced colouration of the down facing side for fruit of both cultivars, especially for fruit from the inside of the canopy near the tree trunk. However, reflective mulch significantly improved blush by 20% on fruit from the periphery of the canopies of the tall trees in both cultivars without significantly affecting fruit firmness, soluble solids, starch breakdown or ripeness. (5) Conclusions: The results from ca. 2000 colour measurements showed that the short exposure of at least two weeks of reflective mulch was sufficient for enhancing colouration for outside, inside and down facing sides of the fruit of both cultivars. As a result of this surprisingly short and efficient exposure time for these tall trees (3.5 m), the reflective mulch increased the portion of fruit harvested in the first pick by 8% (Fuji) and by 27% (Pacific Rose) with improved fruit storability or export quality and thereby increased financial returns to the grower in the SH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Enhancement of Colour Development in Apples Subjected to Reflective Material in the Southern Hemisphere

Funke

Blanke

2020

Horticulturae

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“…Moreover, Lobos et al [5] reported that, if both years were combined and the influences of color (black, red, and white) and shading properties of nets (weak, medium, and strong-shading of 25, 50, and 75%, respectively) were considered separately, then no significant effect of net color on TA content in "Elliott" blueberry fruit was observed. Based on results from certain publications, it is evident that acid content in fruit is negatively correlated with the amount of light [130,164,165]. Similarly, Lobos et al [5] noted a positive effect of the degree of shading on the acid content in blueberry fruit.…”

Section: Acid Content In Fruitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Westwood [97] stated that exposure of the fruit to direct light was necessary for the development of red color in pear, peach, nectarine, apricot, and apple. Thus, the intensity of the light that reaches the fruit skin has a crucial role in color development [128][129][130][131]. Similarly, Solomakhin and Blanke [32] reported that the reduced level of the additional color of apple fruit grown under different net types depended on the level of light transmission.…”

Section: Fruit Color and Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Food Production: Innovative Netting Concepts and Their Mode of Action on Fruit Crops

et al. 2022

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Net application in agriculture has a long history. Nets were usually used for the protection of plants against different hazards (hail, wind, birds, pests, excessive sun radiation) and, lately, from insects (nets with smaller mesh size). In recent years, photoselective netting technology has emerged, which adds desired plant responses caused by light quality changes to their basic protective properties. A combination of anti-insect and photoselective net technology (anti-insect photoselective nets) may present a notable contribution to the sustainable food production concept. Notable positive effects of this eco-friendly approach on agroecosystems are mainly achievable due to its non-pesticide pest protection of cultivated plants and, at the same time, promotion of special beneficial morphological and physiological plant responses. Although netting has been extensively studied over the last decade, there is a pronounced lack of publications and analyses that deal with their mode of action on fruit trees, which is especially true for new netting concepts. A better understanding of such mechanisms can lead to improved development and/or utilization of this technology and enhanced generation of value-added products. This review was based on a revision of the literature regarding netting in agriculture, with emphasis on fruit cultivation, and the following databases were used: Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Although this study aims to comprehend a majority of fruit species, it narrows down to those usually net-protected and, hence, studied, such as apple, peach or nectarine, kiwifruit, blueberry, etc. Nets mainly differ in their mesh size and color, which are the parameters that mostly determine their capacity for light quantity and quality modification. Such light modifications, directly or indirectly (e.g., change in microclimate), initiate different fruit tree responses (in some cases, mechanisms) through which the final effect is realized on their vegetative and generative traits. For instance, some of them include a shade avoidance mechanism (initiated by changes in red to a far-red ratio, blue light levels, etc.), source–sink relationship, and carbohydrate availability (actualized by changes in photosynthesis efficiency, vegetative and generative growth, etc.), plant stress response (actualized by microclimate changes), etc. In most cases, these responses are interconnected, which contributes to the complexity of this topic and emphasizes the importance of a better understanding of it.

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“…According to the FAO, the worldwide apple production quantity is about 82 million tons, of which China produces more than 42 million tons [ 1 , 2 ]. Consumers usually associate the red color of apple fruit with ripeness and a sweet taste, thereby establishing red apple cultivars as particularly favored among consumers [ 3 ]. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins in the apple peel is affected by a variety of environmental factors and plant hormones [ 4 ], with solar illumination being one of the most important environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Harvest Application of Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide (NPs-TiO2) and Ethylene to Improve the Coloration of Detached Apple Fruit

Wang,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

Foods

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In this study, we analyzed the effects of treatments with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs-TiO2) and ethylene on anthocyanin biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism during light exposure in ripe ‘red delicious’ apples. Both treatments led to improved anthocyanins biosynthesis in detached mature apples, while the NPs-TiO2 had less impact on the fruit firmness, TSS, TA, and TSS/TA ratio. Furthermore, the effects of both treatments on the expression of anthocyanin-related enzymes and transcription factors in the apple peel were evaluated at the gene level. The differentially expressed genes induced by the two treatments were highly enriched in the photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The expression of structural genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and ethylene biosynthesis was more significantly upregulated in the ethylene treatment group than in the NPs-TiO2 treatment group, and the opposite pattern was observed for the expression of genes encoding transcription factors involved in plant photomorphogenesis pathways. In addition, the ROS levels and antioxidant capacity were higher and the membrane lipid peroxidation level was lower in fruit in the NPs-TiO2 treatment group than in the ethylene treatment group. The results of this study reveal differences in the coloration mechanisms induced by NPs-TiO2 and ethylene in apples, providing new insights into improving the color and quality of fruits.

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Consumer Preference for Apple Eating Quality and Taste in Relation to Canopy Position

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Spatial and Temporal Enhancement of Colour Development in Apples Subjected to Reflective Material in the Southern Hemisphere

Spatial and Temporal Enhancement of Colour Development in Apples Subjected to Reflective Material in the Southern Hemisphere

Sustainable Food Production: Innovative Netting Concepts and Their Mode of Action on Fruit Crops

Post-Harvest Application of Nanoparticles of Titanium Dioxide (NPs-TiO2) and Ethylene to Improve the Coloration of Detached Apple Fruit

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