“…In the current study, intrinsic motivation and perceived learning refer to various positive psychological behaviors in learning, such as increased fun; learning enjoyment and satisfaction, interest, confidence, and enthusiasm; a valuable and meaningful course, engagement, a relaxed atmosphere, more visible learning progress, and increased ownership of learning. Various studies employed the indicators of motivation and perceived learning, adapted to the current study as a guideline for measurement (Makransky & Lilleholt, 2018 ; Sarikoc et al, 2017 ; Stamov Roßnagel et al, 2021 ; Wichadee & Pattanapichet, 2018 ).…”