Abstract:Until this time, most women's roles have been constructed by the community and subsequently socialized through literary works. In a patriarchal society, the roles of women are constructed only according to the patriarchal point of view. This study described how the roles of women were constructed in patriarchal culture contained in Indonesian novels such as Sitti Nurbaya by Marah Rusli, Azab dan Senggsara by Merari Siregar, Kehilangan Mestika by Hamidah, and Manusia Bebas by Suwarsih Djojopuspito. Based on the… Show more
“…A popular example is found in character of Siti Nurbaya who is decorated with features such as soft, obedient, and emotional-oriented. Such uniformity in the portrayal of women has repeatedly been found in novels in Indonesia from the Balai Pustaka era to the most recent era of Indonesian literature [15].…”
Contructed identity about women has passed down from generation togeneration in common Indonesian literature is feminine. However, contemporaryIndonesian women writers through their works these days has been trying to reconstructthis given identity with something new in accordance with recent reality and currentexperience. In the view of Gynocritics, woman by herself have rights and abilities toassemble their identity without having to be dictated by the society, and regardless ofwhether the identity is admissible or not. The material objects of this research were OkkyMadasari’s Entrok and Laksmi Pamuntjak’s Amba. In achieving the purpose of the studyto reveal the novelty values about the life and identity of women, it is conducted throughGynocritism reading along with content analysis techniques. From the results of theanalysis, women authors tries to construct new identity for women which is more credibleand balanced for women. This reconstruction is intended to leave the old formed identitythat is no longer relevant to the progress of the world of women today.
“…A popular example is found in character of Siti Nurbaya who is decorated with features such as soft, obedient, and emotional-oriented. Such uniformity in the portrayal of women has repeatedly been found in novels in Indonesia from the Balai Pustaka era to the most recent era of Indonesian literature [15].…”
Contructed identity about women has passed down from generation togeneration in common Indonesian literature is feminine. However, contemporaryIndonesian women writers through their works these days has been trying to reconstructthis given identity with something new in accordance with recent reality and currentexperience. In the view of Gynocritics, woman by herself have rights and abilities toassemble their identity without having to be dictated by the society, and regardless ofwhether the identity is admissible or not. The material objects of this research were OkkyMadasari’s Entrok and Laksmi Pamuntjak’s Amba. In achieving the purpose of the studyto reveal the novelty values about the life and identity of women, it is conducted throughGynocritism reading along with content analysis techniques. From the results of theanalysis, women authors tries to construct new identity for women which is more credibleand balanced for women. This reconstruction is intended to leave the old formed identitythat is no longer relevant to the progress of the world of women today.
“…The various problems faced by women tea pickers are in line with the patriarchal culture, which positions women as second class citizens who only have a domestic role such as sewing, cooking, taking care of the children, and so on [35][36]. These patriarchal values include regulating women's behavior to match the opinion that a good woman is submissive, and obedient to her parents and family.…”
The shift in women’s roles from domestic to public is a phenomenon in the development of the social, economic, and political reality of women. Women’s awareness of non-domestic roles is increasing but their involvement does not mean they are more empowered or that more attention is given to women’s rights. This research describes the shift in women’s roles and their contribution to meeting household needs, and how the empowerment of women is implemented. The research method is descriptive qualitative and the data analysis uses an interactive analysis. The research results show that there is a division of work in daily life, in which men work to fulfil their social needs while women have to bear the burden of their economic needs. This work division is seen in farm management, where men’s work is dominated by crops with a high economic value or livestock farming, while women’s work focuses on crops with a low economic values and small livestock. Empowerment of women is carried out in three ways: capacity building, cultural change, and structural adjustment, based on the social, political, and psychological strengths of women tea pickers.
“…Sedangkan ginokritik memusatkan perhatian kepada perempuan sebagai pengarang, yaitu perempuan sebagai penghasil maksud tekstual. Terkait hal ini, Asri & Hayati (2019) pernah melakukan penelitian mengenai konstruksi peran perempuan dalam budaya patriarki yang merupakan kajian feminis terhadap novel Indonesia modern. Empat novel yang dijadikan objek penelitian oleh Asri & Hayati (2019) terdiri dari dua novel karya pengarang laki-laki dan dua novel karya pengarang perempuan.…”
This study aims to describe the biological aspects of women contained in the poetry collection of "Catatan-Catatan dari Bulan" by Rieke Saraswati. This study uses a qualitative approach with a gynocritic approach that produces descriptive data in the form of written words. The author uses this biological aspect in his poetry to convey the mindset of resistance, dissatisfaction, and suppression experienced by women in society regardless of age. Based on the data analysis, 34 data about the biological aspects of women were found in the poetry collection of "Catatan-Catatan dari Bulan" by Rieke Saraswati. The biological aspects found in Rieke Saraswati's poetry collection of "Catatan-Catatan dari Bulan" using a gynocritic approach include four aspects, namely (1) female self-identity, which includes puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding; (2) women's sexual expression, in this aspect the author breaks the tradition in Indonesia which considers women's sexuality to be something that must be strictly controlled; (3) resistance to patriarchy, the author voices protest and opposition in response to things that befell women; and (4) the issue of gender inequality, this aspect is found chiefly in the poetry collection of "Catatan-Catatan dari Bulan", the author voices the injustices that women often experience. The aspect of celebrating women's biology is not found in Rieke Saraswati's poetry collection of "Catatan-Catatan dari Bulan". In this collection of poems, the author reveals the deprivation of women's rights in society.
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