Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin

Sofiev, M.; Vira, Julius; Kouznetsov, Rostislav; Prank, Marje; Soares, Joana; Genikhovich, Eugene

doi:10.5194/gmd-8-3497-2015

Cited by 123 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Atmospheric transport of the vegetation fire–originated PM 2.5 was modeled using the System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition (SILAM) chemical transport model (http://silam.fmi.fi; Sofiev et al 2015). The computations were based on meteorological data (temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, and solar radiation) from operational forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

Kollanus

Prank

Gens

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Vegetation fires can release substantial quantities of fine particles (PM2.5), which are harmful to health. The fire smoke may be transported over long distances and can cause adverse health effects over wide areas.Objective:We aimed to assess annual mortality attributable to short-term exposures to vegetation fire–originated PM2.5 in different regions of Europe.Methods:PM2.5 emissions from vegetation fires in Europe in 2005 and 2008 were evaluated based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite data on fire radiative power. Atmospheric transport of the emissions was modeled using the System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition (SILAM) chemical transport model. Mortality impacts were estimated for 27 European countries based on a) modeled daily PM2.5 concentrations and b) population data, both presented in a 50 × 50 km2 spatial grid; c) an exposure–response function for short-term PM2.5 exposure and daily nonaccidental mortality; and d) country-level data for background mortality risk.Results:In the 27 countries overall, an estimated 1,483 and 1,080 premature deaths were attributable to the vegetation fire–originated PM2.5 in 2005 and 2008, respectively. Estimated impacts were highest in southern and eastern Europe. However, all countries were affected by fire-originated PM2.5, and even the lower concentrations in western and northern Europe contributed substantially (~ 30%) to the overall estimate of attributable mortality.Conclusions:Our assessment suggests that air pollution caused by PM2.5 released from vegetation fires is a notable risk factor for public health in Europe. Moreover, the risk can be expected to increase in the future as climate change proceeds. This factor should be taken into consideration when evaluating the overall health and socioeconomic impacts of these fires.Citation:Kollanus V, Prank M, Gens A, Soares J, Vira J, Kukkonen J, Sofiev M, Salonen RO, Lanki T. 2017. Mortality due to vegetation fire–originated PM2.5 exposure in Europe—assessment for the years 2005 and 2008. Environ Health Perspect 125:30–37; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP194

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

Kollanus

Prank

Gens

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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“…This comparison confirmed the effectiveness of the combined modelling system FLEXPART with NorESM in producing realistic transport statistics. from numerical diffusion (see, e.g., Reithmeier and Sausen, 2002;Sofiev et al 2015) one exception being the semiLagrangian method of Galperin (Sofiev et al, 2015). This limits, for instance, the capabilities of Eulerian models to simulate intercontinental pollution transport (Rastigejev et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

The offline Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM (v1): model description and comparisons with the online NorESM transport scheme and with the reference FLEXPART model

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The offline FLEXible PARTicle (FLEXPART) stochastic dispersion model is currently a community model used by many scientists. Here, an alternative FLEXPART model version has been developed and tailored to use with the meteorological output data generated by the CMIP5-version of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-M). The atmospheric component of the NorESM1-M is based on the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM4); hence, this FLEXPART version could be widely applicable and it provides a new advanced tool to directly analyse and diagnose atmospheric transport properties of the state-of-theart climate model NorESM in a reliable way. The adaptation of FLEXPART to NorESM required new routines to read meteorological fields, new post-processing routines to obtain the vertical velocity in the FLEXPART coordinate system, and other changes. These are described in detail in this paper. To validate the model, several tests were performed that offered the possibility to investigate some aspects of offline global dispersion modelling. First, a comprehensive comparison was made between the tracer transport from several point sources around the globe calculated online by the transport scheme embedded in CAM4 and the FLEXPART model applied offline on output data. The comparison allowed investigating several aspects of the transport schemes including the approximation introduced by using an offline dispersion model with the need to transform the vertical coordinate system, the influence on the model results of the sub-grid-scale parameterisations of convection and boundary layer height and the possible advantage entailed in using a numerically non-diffusive Lagrangian particle solver. Subsequently, a comparison between the reference FLEX-PART model and the FLEXPART-NorESM/CAM version was performed to compare the well-mixed state of the atmosphere in a 1-year global simulation. The two model versions use different methods to obtain the vertical velocity but no significant difference in the results was found. However, for both model versions there was some degradation in the well-mixed state after 1 year of simulation with the buildup of a bias and an increased scatter. Finally, the capability of the new combined modelling system in producing realistic, backward-in-time transport statistics was evaluated calculating the average footprint over a 5-year period for several measurement locations and by comparing the results with those obtained with the reference FLEXPART model driven by re-analysis fields. This comparison confirmed the effectiveness of the combined modelling system FLEXPART with NorESM in producing realistic transport statistics.

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“…The wet deposition caused by convective and stratiform precipitation is based on Giorgi and Chameides (1986). SILAM (http://silam.fmi.fi) is a meso-to global-scale dispersion model (Sofiev et al, 2015b), also described in the review of Kukkonen et al (2012). Its dry deposition scheme (Kouznetsov and Sofiev, 2012) is applicable for a wide range of particle sizes including coarse aerosols, which are primarily removed by sedimentation.…”

Section: Dispersion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014: current status and outlook

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The paper presents the first modelling experiment of the European-scale olive pollen dispersion, analyses the quality of the predictions, and outlines the research needs. A 6-model strong ensemble of Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) was run throughout the olive season of 2014, computing the olive pollen distribution. The simulations have been compared with observations in eight countries, which are members of the European Aeroallergen Network (EAN). Analysis was performed for individual models, the ensemble mean and median, and for a dynamically optimised combination of the ensemble members obtained via fusion of the model predictions with observations. The models, generally reproducing the olive season of 2014, showed noticeable deviations from both observations and each other. In particular, the season was reported to start too early by 8 days, but for some models the error mounted to almost 2 weeks. For the end of the season, the disagreement between the models and the observations varied from a nearly perfect match up to 2 weeks too late. A series of sensitivity studies carried out to understand the origin of the disagreements revealed the crucial role of ambient temperature and consistency of its representation by the meteorological models and heat-sum-based phenological model. In particular, a simple correction to the heat-sum threshold eliminated the shift of the start of the season but its validity in other years remains to be checked. The short-term features of the concentration time series were reproduced better, suggesting that the precipitation events and cold/warm spells, as well as the large-scale transport, were represented rather well. Ensemble averaging led to more robust results. The best skill scores were obtained with data fusion, which used the previous days' observations to identify the optimal weighting coefficients of the individual model forecasts. Such combinations were tested for the forecasting period up to 4 days and shown to remain nearly optimal throughout the whole period.

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Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin

Cited by 123 publications

References 60 publications

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

The offline Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM (v1): model description and comparisons with the online NorESM transport scheme and with the reference FLEXPART model

Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014: current status and outlook

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Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin

Cited by 123 publications

References 60 publications

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM 2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM 2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

The offline Lagrangian particle model FLEXPART–NorESM/CAM (v1): model description and comparisons with the online NorESM transport scheme and with the reference FLEXPART model

Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014: current status and outlook

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Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008

Mortality due to Vegetation Fire–Originated PM _2.5 Exposure in Europe—Assessment for the Years 2005 and 2008