“…the simultaneous physical and chemical processes, Understanding the theoretical underpinnings of FIA is essential to improving system design performance. [8] A sample that has been introduced into a transport flow traveling via a brief rectangular channel segment, or both, are present at the beginning; The obstruction disperses and combines with the mobile phase as it moves upstream; a pronounced concentration gradient, forms, In the event where turbulence is to blame for; the sample dispersion, the flow profile exhibits a hyperbolic head and tail. This kind of flow, which is characteristic, of most FIA systems, is known, as laminar flow; a limitless The liquid in a flowing stream can have a variety of velocity profiles, with the highest velocity being observed in the middle of the torrent.…”