Construction of Mixed Derivatives Strategy for Wind Power Producers

Abstract

Due to the inherent uncertainty of wind conditions as well as the price unpredictability in the competitive electricity market, wind power producers are exposed to the risk of concurrent fluctuations in both price and volume. Therefore, it is imperative to develop strategies to effectively stabilize their revenues, or cash flows, when trading wind power output in the electricity market. In light of this context, we present a novel endeavor to construct multivariate derivatives for mitigating the risk of fluctuating cash flows that are associated with trading wind power generation in electricity markets. Our approach involves leveraging nonparametric techniques to identify optimal payoff structures or compute the positions of derivatives with fine granularity, utilizing multiple underlying indexes including spot electricity price, area-wide wind power production index, and local wind conditions. These derivatives, referred to as mixed derivatives, offer advantages in terms of hedge effectiveness and contracting efficiency. Notably, we develop a methodology to enhance the hedge effects by modeling multivariate functions of wind speed and wind direction, incorporating periodicity constraints on wind direction via tensor product spline functions. By conducting an empirical analysis using data from Japan, we elucidate the extent to which the hedge effectiveness is improved by constructing mixed derivatives from various perspectives. Furthermore, we compare the hedge performance between high-granular (hourly) and low-granular (daily) formulations, revealing the advantages of utilizing a high-granular hedging approach.

Stochastic Modeling of Wind Derivatives with Application to the Alberta Energy Market

“…There is literature available on studying different types of wind derivatives for windenergy markets (Yamada and Matsumoto 2023), e.g., using collar options by Masala et al (2022) for France's electricity market, using barrier options by authors Xiao et al (2016) for electricity market of Iberian and by Rodríguez et al (2021) to price the put-type barrier option as the wind derivative for Columbia wind-energy market based on Nordix index. Moreover, Kanamura et al (2021) used call options as the wind derivatives for European data and Benth and Pircalabu (2017) used futures as the wind derivative for German data.…”

Managing the Intermittency of Wind Energy Generation in Greece

“…Wind Power Futures and other financial contracts are steadily launched by EEX and attract potential investors [8,[54][55][56]. The market is on a premature level and scientific research has the potential to pave the way for the development of new derivatives designed to capture various dimensions of volumetric risk [7,57]. In addition, future studies could broaden their scope to encompass even larger geographical areas, such as entire continents, or delve into the interconnection challenges between multiple continents to address optimization problems in spatial resource allocation, accounting for constraints such as transmission capacity.…”