“…Each tube had a diameter of 25 mm, a height of 96 mm, and a volume of 20 mL. Glycogen-iodine mixture samples were prepared as follows: 33 samples were prepared from three groups (Groups A, B, and C) of homogeneous glycogen (BR, 99% extracted from mussel, Source Leaf Creatures)-water mixed samples with a glycogen concentration gradient of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 mg/mL (corresponding glycogen weight-to-water weight ratio: 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%) ( 15 ). The glycogen concentration was configured based on the in vivo hepatic glycogen content, which could reach 10% under certain pathological conditions ( 16 , 17 ).…”