Construction of an Overhauser magnetic gradiometer and the applications in geomagnetic observation and ferromagnetic target localization

Liu, H.; He, Dong; Liu, Z.; Ge, Jianhua; Bai, Bingjie; Zhang, C.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/12/10/t10008

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…between the ambient and polarizing field direction, further suppress the external electromagnetic interference (EMI), enhance the anti-interference capability [28], etc. More details are described in the following.…”

Section: Jinst 13 T09003mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study on the weak magnetic sensor character of different geometries for proton precession magnetometer

et al. 2018

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The measurement precision or uncertainty of proton precession magnetometer (PPM) depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the free induction decay (FID) signal induced in the sensing coil. A diversity of weak magnetic measurement applications has benefited from various coils through a more comprehensive and reliable design. Likewise, numerous optimized sensors for PPM have been proposed and published in literature. However, due to lack of commonly accepted assessment measures and benchmark resources, it is hard to identify the performance of the proposed sensors and corresponding implementations. This paper investigates and categorizes sensing coils for PPM which are well used and accepted. Three state-of-the-art geometries of the coil including solenoid, toroid, and cylindric, are considered to evaluate the significance of these designs in terms of sensing signal strength analyses within their respective applications. Furthermore, the electromotive force (EMF) of FID signal is calculated as a function of sensing coils' geometrical parameters, and numerous critical factors such as the polarizing current, the orientation of the coil axis with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field, etc., are considered. Although the results of these calculations are limited by prerequisites, e.g. the sensor should be in a uniform magnetic field, it is a critical step for future sensor research. This paper aims to advance weak magnetic sensor development by establishing a comparative study to allow the optimum geometrical shapes to be chosen for different applications.

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Section: Jinst 13 T09003mentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study on the weak magnetic sensor character of different geometries for proton precession magnetometer

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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“…Previous studies mainly evaluated sensitivity without considering the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, thus resulting in inconsistencies between the estimated and actual sensitivity values. (16)(17)(18)(19) The EMI component is usually larger than the reading noise of the instrument. Thus, it is not possible to accurately obtain the sensitivity unless environmental interference is eliminated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JPM-4 Proton Precession Magnetometer and Sensitivity Estimation

Gong¹,

Chen²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Sensors and Materials

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A proton precession magnetometer (PPM) is a traditional quantum magnetometer based on the Larmor precession of hydrogen protons in Earth's magnetic field. PPMs are widely used in various fields, such as magnetic observation and detection of buried objects. A coaxial solenoid is typically used to construct the PPM sensor. However, the Larmor signal slowly weakens when the axial direction of the sensor gradually approaches the direction of Earth's magnetic field. Thus, a dead zone exists when Earth's magnetic field is nearly parallel to the axis of the sensor. An omnidirectional sensor with an "8"-type structure is designed in this study. The signal quality is slightly affected by the orientation of the sensor owing to the orthogonal polarized magnetic field components. The measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Larmor signal is approximately 31/1, and the decay constant of the free induced decay (FID) signal is 0.95 s. The electrical parameters of the sensor coil are optimized and the polarization power is 8.0 W. Multiple hourly observations of Earth's magnetic field in noisy and quiet environments indicate the satisfactory consistency of the measurement results of the two PPMs with the proposed sensor. The standard deviations (STDs) of the measured results for a single instrument in noisy and quiet environments are 6.4 and 0.076 nT, respectively, which effectively reflect the environmental noise level. The sensitivity of the instrument is estimated to be 0.04 nT at a 5 s cycling rate for the two synchronized instruments. This is higher than the sensitivity of most commercial magnetometers of 0.1 nT.

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“…The measurement principle of the MI sensor is conspicuously different from that of the fluxgate sensor. Because of its miniature size, the MI sensor has been commonly employed in many applications, such as compassing, inertial navigation, security system, etc [13]- [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Modular Magneto-Inductive Sensor for Low Vector Magnetic Field Measurements

Liu,

Wang,

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The surface resistance reduction can further suppress the surface power loss of a superconducting radio-frequency cavity. Since the surface resistance of a superconducting radiofrequency cavity is mainly originated from the magnetic flux trapping, and thus the corresponding magnetic field strength could be measured to reflect the residual resistance. A fluxgate magnetometer is always employed to measure the ambient surface magnetic field of a superconducting radio-frequency cavity. However, this kind of equipment is relatively larger than the cavity and always need expensive cost. In this paper, we developed a magneto-inductive (MI) magnetic sensor, which is smaller, lighter weight, and lower cost than the fluxgate magnetometer. The specifications such as the noise floor, resolution, etc., are measured. In addition, a comparative observation of the magnetic field between the proposed MI sensor and a highly precise is conducted. The experimental results identify the capability of the proposed MI sensor in weak magnetic detection.

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Construction of an Overhauser magnetic gradiometer and the applications in geomagnetic observation and ferromagnetic target localization

Cited by 24 publications

References 25 publications

A comprehensive study on the weak magnetic sensor character of different geometries for proton precession magnetometer

A comprehensive study on the weak magnetic sensor character of different geometries for proton precession magnetometer

JPM-4 Proton Precession Magnetometer and Sensitivity Estimation

A Modular Magneto-Inductive Sensor for Low Vector Magnetic Field Measurements

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