“…This way of viewing discourse allows one to focus attention on the way in which multiple realizations of the same structures are built one upon the other to negotiate and express stance and to build meanings through repetition and reformulation (cf. Apothéloz & Reichler-Béguelin, 1995;Mondada & Dubois, 1995;Duvallon, 2003, to appear, Kärkkäinen, 2003. While not denying, and in fact requiring substantial existing structural representations in the mind of the speaker, which make it possible for speakers to selectively and meaningfully modify their reproductions of preceding linguistic elements, such an approach is also extremely compatible with a view of grammar as emergent from discourse (Hopper, 1987), and suggests that utterances in discourse are being built, structures emerge from, and eventually automatize as a result of, reflexive of, and resonating with structures built in prior utterances.…”